小学生体育锻炼习惯养成路径与策略研究

Research on the Path and Strategy of Primary School Students’ Physical Exercise Habit

摘要: 本文运用文献研究、问卷调查、访谈、数理统计和逻辑分析等方法，对三到四年级的学生体育锻炼习惯养成路径进行研究。结果表明：1、小学生体育锻炼习惯的养成主要受自身兴趣、同伴效应、家庭环境、学校教育、社会导向等因素的影响。2、小学生体育锻炼习惯的养成总体上可分为五个阶段：无意识阶段、起始阶段、形成阶段、维持阶段和返回阶段，其中水平二学生多处于形成阶段，水平三学生多处于返回阶段。3、小学生习惯养成过程中制度他律是基础、环境润育是关键、主体自律是目标；通过校内校外配合形成“家–校–社”联动，实现以家庭为基础、学校为主力、社区为辅助的三大教育合力，促进学生体育锻炼习惯的养成。

Abstract: This paper uses methods such as literature research, questionnaire survey, interview, mathemat-ical statistics and logical analysis to study the path of developing physical exercise habits of stu-dents in grades three to four. The results show that: 1. primary school students’ physical exercise habit is mainly affected by their own interest, peer effect, family environment, school education, social orientation and other factors. 2. The development of physical exercise habits of primary school students can be generally divided into five stages: the unconscious stage, the initial stage, the formation stage, the maintenance stage and the return stage. Among them, most of the students in level two are in the formation stage, and most of the students in level three are in the return stage. 3. In the process of habit formation of elementary school students, institutional heteronomy is the foundation, environmental nurturing is the key, and subject self-discipline is the goal; through cooperation inside and outside the school, a “home-school-community” linkage is formed to realize family-based, school-based, and community-based the three major education aids work together to promote the development of students’ physical exercise habits.