美国临床医学博士培养研究及启示

Research and Inspiration on Clinical Medicine Doctoral Training in the United States

摘要: 美国临床医学博士的培养几经变迁。最初由于时代原因，医学教育状况堪忧，后随着学科发展促进医学博士教育体系形成，临床医学教育发生了从量到质的转变，并形成精英化医学人才培养模式。促使美国医学教育发展的几个重要因素包括：约翰•霍普金斯大学医学院的建立犹如燎原之火；战时影响提升了医学教育的地位；弗莱克斯纳先生报告内容引发了美国医学教育领域一系列改革；实用主义思潮提供医学教育的精英化发展生存与发展的土壤。美国临床医学有着清晰的培养定位，严格的学生选拔方式，不断探索更新的教学方法，规范的医学教育评价制度，国际化的医学教育培养模式。对中国的启示为临床医学教育可根据实情明确定位，招收生源把关遴选，注重教学模式的改进，定期进行质量评估。

Abstract: The training of clinical doctors in the United States has undergone several changes. Initially, due to the circumstances of the times, the situation of medical education caused concern. Later, with the development of disciplines promoting the formation of a medical doctor education system, clinical medical education shifted from focusing on quantity to quality, and formed an elite medical talent training model. Several important factors contributed to the development of medical education in the United States, including the establishment of the School of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, the influence of wartime elevating the status of medical education, Mr. Flexner’s report leading to a series of reforms in American medical education, and pragmatism providing the soil for the survival and development of the elitist development of medical education. American clinical medicine has a clear training orientation, strict student selection methods, continuous exploration of updated teaching methods, a standardized medical education evaluation system, and an international medical education training mode. China can take inspiration from this to clearly position clinical medical education according to the actual situation, check and select the source of enrollment, and emphasize the teaching mode.