服务利润链理论下长护险可持续性危机的化解之道

The Solution to the Sustainability Crisis of Long Term Care Insurance Funds from the Perspective of Service Profit Chain

摘要: 随着我国老龄化趋势的加剧，家庭照顾功能的弱化，长护险成为化解家庭照顾功能弱化的重要制度安排。但目前，长护险财政支出负担巨大，并且随着失能老人数量的增多，支出压力可能进一步加大。本文从服务利润链视角出发，分析长护险可持续性危机内在逻辑和化解之道，提出政府应积极作为构建有效、公平的长期护理市场体系，提高护理人员工资待遇，加大对于长期护理人员的补贴，建立基于服务质量的绩效工资制度，通过提高护理机构的内部服务质量，促进护理人员服务质量的提高，进而增加服务对象的满意度，提高护理对象的个人支付意愿，为个人支付比例的提高和报销比例的降低奠定坚实基础，降低财政负担，实现长期护理由政府输血到护理机构自我造血的过渡，化解长护险的可持续性危机。

Abstract: With the intensification of the aging trend in China and the weakening of family care functions, long-term care insurance has become an important institutional arrangement to resolve the weakening of family care functions. But currently, the financial expenditure burden on long-term care insurance is enormous, and with the increase in the number of disabled elderly people, the expenditure pressure may further increase. From the perspective of the service profit chain, this article analyzes the inherent logic and solutions to the sustainability crisis of long-term care insurance. It proposes that the government should actively build an effective and fair long-term care market system, increase the salary and treatment of nursing staff, increase subsidies for long-term nursing staff, and establish a performance-based salary system based on service quality. By improving the internal service quality of nursing institutions, it can promote the improvement of the service quality of nursing staff, furthermore, it can increase the satisfaction of service recipients, enhance the personal willingness to pay of nursing recipients, lay a solid foundation for the increase of personal payment ratio and the reduction of reimbursement ratio, reduce financial burden, achieve the transition from government blood transfusion to self hematopoiesis of nursing institutions in long-term care, and resolve the sustainability crisis of long-term care insurance.