社会保险和家庭环境对养老责任归属的影响机制研究

Research on the Influence Mechanism of Social Insurance and Family Environment on the Attribution of Pension Responsibility

摘要: 目的：在人口老龄化和养老多元化的背景下，延迟退休和养老责任问题的矛盾会一直存在，而探讨社会保险和家庭环境因素对养老责任归属的影响，对缓解老年人的养老归属问题具有重要意义。方法：本文基于2018年中国综合社会调查数据，运用无序多分类Logistic-ISM模型，从社会保险和家庭环境层面出发分析老年人养老责任归属问题，并进一步分析了各影响因素之间的逻辑层次关系。结果：从回归结果看，社会保险、家庭环境及个体人口特征等层面的变量对老年人养老责任的归属均有不同程度的显著影响。从ISM模型结果看，社会保险和个体特征是表层直接因素，家庭环境是中间层间接因素，受教育程度是深层根源问题。结论：本文从支持三孩生育政策、推动实施延迟退休年龄、营造养老氛围以及构建养老责任共同承担机制等方面提出建议，以缓解人口老龄化问题，促进社会的良性可持续发展。

Abstract: Objective: Under the background of population aging and diversification of pension, the contradiction between delayed retirement and pension responsibility will always exist. It is of great significance to explore the influence of social insurance and family environmental factors on the attribution of pension responsibility to alleviate the problem of pension attribution of the elderly. Method: Based on the 2018 China General Social Survey data, this paper uses the disordered multi-classification Logistic-ISM model to analyze the attribution of the elderly’s pension responsibility from the perspective of social insurance and family environment, and further analyzes the logical hierarchical relationship between the influencing factors. Results: From the regression results, variables such as social insurance, family environment and individual demographic characteristics have different degrees of significant impact on the attribution of the elderly’s pension responsibility. From the results of the ISM model, social insurance and individual characteristics are the surface direct factors, family environment is the intermediate indirect factors, and education level is the deep root problem. Conclusion: This paper puts forward some suggestions from the aspects of supporting the three-child fertility policy, promoting the implementation of postponing the retirement age, creating a pension atmosphere and building a pension responsibility sharing mechanism, so as to alleviate the problem of population aging and promote the healthy and sustainable development of society.