黄鳍金枪鱼与大眼金枪鱼卵黄发生期血清生化指标的比较分析

Comparison of Serum Biochemical Indicators during Vitellogenesis between Thunnus Albacares and Thunnus Obesus

摘要: 为了探明黄鳍金枪鱼和大眼金枪鱼之间的差异性，以期为黄鳍金枪鱼和大眼金枪鱼人工繁育及养殖技术的研发提供数据支撑。(方法)比较分析了雌性黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)和大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)在卵黄发生期(性腺II期和III期)血清中主要营养因子含量(总蛋白TP、甘油三脂TG、胆固醇TC、糖Glu、钙Ca和无机磷P、游离脂肪酸NEFA、卵黄蛋白原VTG)，性激素分泌情况(雌二醇E2、睾酮T、促卵泡素FSH、促黄体生成素LH)及机体代谢水平(碱性磷酸酶AKP、酸性磷酸酶ACP活性、总抗氧化能力T-AOC、脂蛋白酯酶LPL、脂肪酸合成酶FAS)。结果表明，大眼金枪鱼II期的营养因子中除了TC和NEFA以外其他指标均显著高于黄鳍金枪鱼。但III期时大眼金枪鱼仅TP、NEFA和VTG含量显著高于黄鳍金枪鱼III期。大眼金枪鱼II期的性激素含量均显著高于黄鳍金枪鱼II期，但大眼金枪鱼III期性激素含量中除FSH外都与黄鳍金枪鱼III期之间并无显著性差异。机体代谢水平的结果显示，大眼金枪鱼II期T-AOC及FAS均显著高于黄鳍金枪鱼II期，在大眼和黄鳍金枪鱼III期与II期的比较中，黄鳍金枪鱼III期T-AOCH和FAS显著提升，AKP却显著下降，但大眼金枪鱼III期AKP和ACP显著提升。统计分析表明，金枪鱼卵黄发生期间营养因子大量蓄积、性激素含量及机体代谢水平均有明显提高，其中大眼金枪鱼由II期发育至III期过程中TP、TC、NEFA、VTG、T、FSH含量及AKP、ACP活力显著提高，黄鳍金枪鱼由II期发育至III期过程中TC、TP、P、Ca、VTG、E2、T、FSH、LH含量和T-AOC、FAS活力显著提高。综合分析得出，本研究条件下大眼金枪鱼II期的营养因子和性激素的各项指标均明显高于黄鳍金枪鱼II期，但此时黄鳍金枪鱼机体代谢能力普遍高于大眼金枪鱼，III期大眼金枪鱼机体代谢能力较II期普遍显著提高，且性激素含量显著高于黄鳍金枪鱼III期，但营养因子含量较II期升高程度低于黄鳍金枪鱼。

Abstract: In order to explore the differences between Yellowfin tuna and Bigeye tuna, and provide data support for the artificial breeding and breeding technology research and development of Yellowfin tuna and Bigeye tuna. (Method) The contents of major nutritional factors (TP, TG, TC, Glu, Ca, P, NEFA and VTG), sex hormone secretion (E2, T, FSH and LH) and metabolic levels (AKP, ACP, T-AOC, LPL and FAS) in serum of female yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) during vitellogeny (gonadal stage II and III) were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the contents of Nutrition factors except for TC and NEFA were significantly higher in bigeye tuna stage II than in yellowfin tuna, but the contents of TP, NEFA and VTG in bigeye tuna stage III were significantly higher than those in yellowfin tuna stage III. The sex hormone content in stage II of bigeye tuna was significantly higher than those of yellowfin tuna, but there was no significant difference between the sex hormone content in stage III of bigeye tuna and those of yellowfin tuna. (Conclusion) According to the results of the level of the body’s metabolism, bigeye tuna stage II T-AOC and FAS were significantly higher than those of yellowfin tuna stage II. In the comparison of stage III versus stage II of bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna, yellowfin tuna stage III T-AOC and FAS were significantly elevated, the AKP has decreased significantly. However, AKP and ACP in stage III of bigeye tuna was increased significantly. But the differences of metabolism ability between stage III and II are not obvious. Statistical analysis showed that large amount of nutrient factors, content of sex hormones and body metabolism were significantly increased during vitellogeny. The contents of TP, TC, NEFA, VTG, T, FSH and the activities of AKP and ACP were significantly increased during the development of bigeye tuna from stage II to stage III. The contents of TC, TP, P, Ca, VTG, E2, T, FSH, LH and the activities of T-AOC and FAS were significantly increased during the development of yellowfin tuna from stage II to stage III. Bigeye tuna stage II of the nutrition factor and sex hormones of the indicators were significantly higher than those of yellowfin tuna stage II, but yellowfin tuna metabolism ability is generally higher than those of bigeye tuna, the metabolic ability of bigeye tuna stage III were generally higher than those in stage II and sex hormones levels significantly higher than those of yellowfin tuna, but nutrient content is less than yellowfin tuna II period increases. The increase trend of nutrient content in bigeye tuna stage III compared with that stage II is less than that of yellowfin tuna.