基于未成年人保护的刑事分案程序研究

Research on Criminal Division Procedure Based on the Protection of Minors

摘要: 在我国的诉讼审判模式中，刑事案件以并案审理为原则，以分案审理为例外。未成年人犯罪主要出于心智不成熟、法律意识淡薄等原因。建立未成年犯罪分案起诉可最大化保障未成年利益及实现对未成年特殊利益保护。分析与研究我国当前未成年人与成年人共同犯罪处理的现状有利于发现当前我国刑事司法中关于未成年分案处理的问题。当下对于犯罪的分案处理存在法院过度依赖检察院的分案起诉、及分案标准不明确等问题。检察院应当建立起绝对分案起诉模式，法院应当将涉及到未成年的案件统一分配给少年庭来审理，法院对于未成年人与成年人共同犯罪的案件原则上应当进行分案审理。

Abstract: In China’s litigation and trial model, criminal cases are tried in parallel with the exception of separate cases. Juvenile delinquency is mainly due to immaturity and weak legal awareness. Establishing a separate prosecution for juvenile delinquency can maximize the protection of the interests of minors and achieve the protection of their special interests. Analyzing and studying the current situation of joint crimes committed by minors and adults in China is conducive to discovering the issues related to the handling of juvenile cases in criminal justice. At present, there are issues with the court’s excessive reliance on the prosecution of separate cases by the procuratorate and unclear standards for separate cases in the handling of crimes. The procuratorate should establish an absolute divisional prosecution model, and the court should allocate cases involving minors to the juvenile court for trial. In principle, the court should conduct divisional trials for cases where minors and adults jointly commit crimes.