论数据爬取行为的合法性边界

The Legal Boundary of Data Crawling

摘要: 目前数据爬取行为在我国存在立法规制阙如、司法认定混乱等问题。从司法实践出发，数据爬取行为包括爬取数据和使用数据两种类型。其中爬取数据的行为又包括破坏被爬方信息系统与未经许可擅自爬取两类。为保证数据爬取行为的合法性，爬取方在爬取数据时应认清爬取的对象，避免突破合约授权与技术措施。而在使用数据时应识别数据内容、评估使用后果，准确识别数据类型，包括个人信息、著作权内容以及权利属性不明的公开数据等，判断是否违反前置条件，从而合理设计爬取行为，指引该技术在法治轨道稳步发展，促进数据的高效流通。

Abstract: Nowadays, there exist problems such as lack of legislation and confusion of judicial determination in data crawling behavior in China. From a judicial perspective, the tape of crawling behavior includes data crawling and use of the crawling party; the crawling data behavior includes damaging the information system of the crawled party and unauthorized crawling. In order to ensure the legality of data crawling, the crawling party should recognize the crawled object when crawling and avoid breaking the contractual authorization and technical measures. When the party uses data, it should identify the data content, including personal information copyrighted-material and public data with unclear property, evaluate the consequences of use, and judge whether the preconditions are violated, so as to reasonably design the crawling behavior. This approach allows for the reasonable design of crawling behavior, guiding the steady development of this technology within the framework of the rule of law, and facilitating efficient data circulation.