艾米莉•狄金森生态诗歌中的反叛精神

Emily Dickinson’s Rebellious Spirit in Her Eco-Poems

摘要: 艾米莉•狄金森是19世纪最负盛名的美国诗人之一，她在隐居花园之后写下了大量生态诗歌。诗人充分意识到女性与自然的联系，在其生态诗歌中表达了对自然的敬畏及对两性关系的思考。本文基于生态女性主义理论，对狄金森生态诗歌的反叛精神进行剖析，揭示其中人与自然和谐共存的生态思想及反对男性中心主义的女性主义思想。通过文本分析，本文认为：首先，狄金森拒绝成为十九世纪父权社会的牺牲品，选择“回避”女性作为妻子与母亲的刻板印象，主动归隐自然；其次，一反女性与自然被压迫与被剥削的常态，诗人的生态诗歌强调女性从自然中汲取力量，追寻自我价值；再次，诗人在其生态诗歌中大力抨击人类中心主义、强烈谴责代表男权的科技至上，为女性与自然发声，解构男性话语体系。最终，本文得出结论：狄金森生态诗歌的反叛精神对于解决现代环境问题具有深刻意义——只有消解人类中心主义带来的二元对立价值观，人类与自然才能和谐共生，共同发展。

Abstract: Emily Dickinson, one of the most renowned American poets of the 19th century, writes a lot of eco-poems after secluding in her garden. Fully aware of the connection between women and nature, the poetess expresses her reverence for nature as well as independent thinking about gender rela-tions in her eco-poems. Based on ecofeminism theory, this paper analyzes the rebellious spirit in Dickinson’s eco-poems, revealing her naturalistic consciousness of keeping the harmonious coex-istence between man and nature as well as her ecofeminist idea of opposing male-centrism. Through textual analysis, this paper argues that, firstly, Dickinson refuses to be a victim of the 19th-century patriarchal society, and chooses to “reject” the stereotyped image of women as wives and mothers, and returns to nature on her own initiative; secondly, against the norm of women and nature being oppressed and exploited, Dickinson’s eco-poems emphasize the fact that women gain strength from nature and find their self-value; thirdly, in her eco-poems, the poetess fiercely attacks anthropocentrism, strongly condemns the supremacy of science and technology, and deconstructs male-dominated discourse system with voices from women and nature. And finally, this paper con-cludes that the rebellious spirit in Dickinson’s eco-poems is of profound significance to address modern environmental issues—only by deconstructing the anthropocentric value of dualism, can mankind and nature coexist in harmony and promote their mutual development.