2015~2018年我国两广地带典型城市空气污染特征对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Air Pollution Characteristics of Typical Cities in China’s Guangdong and Guangxi Regions from 2015 to 2018

摘要: 通过广西南宁、柳州、桂林、贵港和来宾5个典型城市及广东广州、佛山、中山、东莞和肇庆5个典型城市2015年3月1日至2019年2月28日的空气污染监测数据，分析了PM_2.5和O₃污染的时间变化特征，对比了两个地区典型城市群大气污染异同。结果表明：1) 2015~2018年两广地区典型城市PM_2.5与O₃年均浓度基本上呈先上升后下降的趋势，广东PM_2.5浓度整体上低于广西，广西O₃浓度年平均值较广东低。2) PM_2.5浓度在广西典型城市呈冬春高、夏秋低的特征，在广东呈秋冬高、春夏低的特征。O₃浓度在两广地区典型城市均呈夏秋高、春冬低的特征，且均在冬季达到最低值。3) 两广地区PM_2.5浓度月均值在6~8月较低，12月和1~2月较高。两广地区O₃浓度均呈双峰型，最高峰出现在5月、9~10月。4) 两广地区在年均浓度方面存在差异，广西PM_2.5、PM₁₀、CO、SO₂四类污染物年均浓度值略高于广东，O₃、NO₂则低于广东。就地区大气污染物年均浓度方面而言，广西大气污染更为严重。

Abstract: Through air pollution monitoring data from March 1, 2015 to February 28, 2019 in five typical cities in Guangxi Nanning, Liuzhou, Guilin, Guigang, and Laibin, and five typical cities in Guangdong Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhongshan, Dongguan and Zhaoqing, we analyzed the temporal variation characteristics of PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution and compared the similarities and differences of air pollution in typical urban agglomerations in the two regions. The results show that: 1) The annual average concentrations of PM_2.5 and O₃ in typical cities in the two regions of Guangdong and Guangxi in 2015-2018 basically showed a trend of rising first and then falling, with the overall PM_2.5 concentration in Guangdong lower than that in Guangxi and the annual average O₃ concentration in Guangxi lower than that in Guangdong. 2) PM_2.5 concentrations in typical cities in Guangxi are high in winter and spring, low in summer and autumn, and high in autumn and winter, low in spring and summer in Guangdong. O₃ concentrations in typical cities in both regions are high in summer and autumn, low in spring and winter, and all reach their lowest values in winter. 3) The monthly average of PM_2.5 concentration in the two regions is lower in June to August and higher in December and January to February. The O₃ concentrations in both regions are bimodal, with the highest peaks occurring in May and September to October. 4) There are differences between the two regions in terms of annual average concentrations; the annual average concentration values of four pollutants in Guangxi PM_2.5, PM₁₀, CO and SO₂ are slightly higher than those in Guangdong, while O₃ and NO₂ are lower than those in Guangdong. In terms of the annual average concentration of regional air pollutants, the air pollution in Guangxi is more serious.