论自甘风险规则的适用范围

On the Scope of Application of Assumption of Risk Rule

摘要: 我国《民法典》第1176条将自甘风险规则的适用范围限定于“具有一定风险的文体活动”，该适用范围还存在争议。同时，其适用容易与受害人同意、过失相抵相混淆。因此，确定自甘风险规则的适用范围首先需要厘清的是其与受害人同意、过失相抵之间的关系。从比较法来看，自甘风险规则在冒险性娱乐活动和体育活动等一些特殊活动中，作为一项免责事由仍然发挥着不可替代的作用。《民法典》第1176条将适用范围限定为“文体活动”，其外延应该进行扩大解释，可具体包含对抗性体育活动、冒险性娱乐活动以及户外自助探险活动。

Abstract: Article 1176 of the Civil Code of China limits the scope of application of assumption of risk rule to “cultural and sports activities with certain risks”, which is still controversial. At the same time, its application is easy to be confused with the victims’ consent and contributory negligence. Therefore, to determine the scope of application of assumption of risk rule, the first thing to clarify its relationship with the consent of victim and contributory negligence. From the perspective of comparative law, assumption of risk rule still plays an irreplaceable role as an exemption in some special activities such as adventurous entertainment and sports activities. Article 1176 of the Civil Code limits the scope of application to “cultural and sports activities”, and its extension should be expanded to include antagonistic sports activities, adventurous recreational activities and outdoor self-help adventure activities.