应用于电子侦收的小型化高增益超宽带定向天线
Miniaturized High-Gain Ultra-Wideband (UWB)Directional Antenna Applied to Spying System Micro-Base Station
摘要: 为了解决电子侦收对于超宽带的定向需求，本文提出了一种新型小尺寸、低剖面、双元蝶形超宽带(UWB)定向天线，高度仅为1/5波长，宽度为1/2波长。该天线采用±45˚交叉极化的双元四叶草蝶形天线，通过两组类偶极子单元和矩形寄生枝节来扩展天线阻抗带宽，并用同轴线过孔馈电，最后在辐射单元底部加入反射器，实现定向辐射。仿真和实测结果表明，在2.84~4.78 GHz的工作频段内，所设计天线满足回波损耗大于10 dB，在1.8~6 GHz频段内均满足−5 dB以下，基本覆盖电子侦收频段；3 dB波瓣宽度为94˚，阻抗带宽相对值为60%，带内增益为8.5~10.5 dBi，峰值增益可达10.5 dBi，辐射效率在70%左右，仿真与实测结果一致性良好，是一种可应用于电子侦收的小型高增益超宽带(UWB)定向天线。
Abstract: In order to meet the directional demand of spying system for ultra-wideband (UWB), this paper proposes a novel small size, low profile, dual butterfly ultra-wideband (UWB) directional antenna, which is only 1/5 λ0 high and 1/2 λ0 wide. The antenna adopts a dual-element four-leaf clover butterfly antenna with ±45˚ cross-polarization. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna is extended by two groups of dipole-like elements and rectangular parasitic branches. The coaxial line is fed through a hole, and a reflector is added at the bottom of the radiation element to achieve directional radiation. The simulation and measurement results show that the designed antenna can meet the echo loss greater than 10 dB in the 2.84~4.78 GHz band and below −5 dB in the 1.8~6 GHz band, basically covering the spying system. The 3 dB lobe width is 94˚, the relative value of impedance bandwidth is 60%, the in-band gain is 8.5~10.5 dBi, the peak gain can reach 10.5 dBi, and the radiation efficiency is about 70%. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results. It is a small high-gain ultra-wideband (UWB) directional antenna applied to spying system micro-base station.
文章引用：马新生, 郭萌, 张正谦, 孔萌, 郭刚涛, 张石岩. 应用于电子侦收的小型化高增益超宽带定向天线[J]. 天线学报, 2023, 12(3): 29-38. https://doi.org/10.12677/JA.2023.123004

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