海洋生态环境损害赔偿制度研究

Research on Compensation System for Marine Ecological Environment Damage

摘要: 我国海域辽阔，海洋生态环境复杂，同时伴随着我国对生态环境越来越重视，海洋作为我国生态环境的重要组成部分，关于海洋生态环境的保护也不断提上日程。当海洋生态环境遭受破坏时，目前我国有多重途径维护海洋生态安全，既可以进行海事诉讼，也可以提起环境公益诉讼，同时可以由海洋生态环境监管部门提起海洋生态环境损害赔偿诉讼。针对海洋生态环境损害赔偿诉讼，虽然是由行使海洋生态环境监督管理权的部门提起，但是人民检察院在其中可以支持起诉，并且在诉前程序中，针对海洋生态环境监管部门对海洋生态环境损害的预判、评估与协商过程建立相应的信息共享机制，可以起到化解纠纷的作用，并且可以加强其与环境民事公益诉讼的衔接，更加充分地保障海洋生态环境的修复得以有效落实。探究海洋生态环境损害赔偿制度，首先要明确海洋生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的性质，审视其与海洋环境民事公益诉讼的关系，厘清其界限，并通过相关案例，对海洋生态环境损害赔偿制度中检察机关的相关职能进行探究。

Abstract: China has a vast sea area and a complex marine ecological environment. At the same time, with China paying more and more attention to the ecological environment, as an important part of China’s ecological environment, the protection of the marine ecological environment has been put on the agenda. When the marine ecological environment is damaged, there are multiple ways to maintain marine ecological security in China, including maritime litigation, environmental public interest litigation, and marine ecological environmental damage compensation litigation by the marine ecological environment supervision department. Although the marine ecological environment damage compensation litigation is initiated by the department exercising the marine ecological environment supervision and management power, the people’s procuratorate can support the prosecution. In the prelitigation procedure, the marine ecological environment supervision department can establish a corresponding informationsharing mechanism for the prediction, assessment and negotiation process of marine ecological environment damage, which can play a role in resolving disputes. It can strengthen its connection with environmental civil public interest litigation, and more fully ensure that the restoration of marine ecological environment can be effectively implemented. To explore the marine ecological environment damage compensation system, we must first clarify the nature of marine ecological environment damage compensation litigation, examine its relationship with marine environmental civil public interest litigation, clarify its boundaries, and explore the relevant functions of the procuratorial organs in the marine ecological environment damage compensation system through relevant cases.