会阴切开术及其并发症的研究进展

Progress in the Study of Episiotomy and Its Complications

摘要: 分娩总是给女性的身体带来创伤性压力。为了减少分娩时的会阴创伤，产科医生会使用会阴切开术。尽管对其使用存在争议，但会阴切开术仍然是一种常见的做法。权衡利弊，科学文献支持选择性使用会阴切开术。随着世界范围内使用会阴切开术降低的趋势，已经提出了几种技术来实现这一目标。然而，仍需要进一步的研究来证明它们的功效。会阴切开术是一种阴道和会阴的手术切口，有时用于防止因撕裂造成的严重会阴损伤并促进婴儿的出生。但在产妇围产期会阴切口愈合的不同阶段可能出现各种各样的并发症，且会给产妇带来痛苦并降低其产后生活质量，因此，本文对会阴切开术及其术后并发症进行探讨，希望能为临床上会阴切开术后如何护理提供参考。

Abstract: Childbirth always puts traumatic stress on a woman’s body. To reduce perineal trauma during childbirth, obstetricians use an episiotomy. Despite controversy over its use, episiotomy remains a common practice. Weighing the pros and cons, the scientific literature supports the selective use of episiotomy. With the worldwide trend of decreasing use of episiotomy, several techniques have been proposed to achieve this. However, further research is needed to prove their efficacy. An epi-siotomy is a surgical incision of the vagina and perineum that is sometimes used to prevent severe perineal damage from a tear and to promote the birth of a baby. However, various complications may occur in different stages of perinatal perineal incision healing, which will bring pain to the mothers and reduce their postpartum quality of life. Therefore, this paper discusses the perineot-omy and its postoperative complications, hoping to provide reference for clinical care after perineotomy.