实时荧光定量及数字PCR技术在病毒检测中的应用及研究进展

Application and Research Progress of Re-al-Time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR and Digital PCR Techniques in Virus Detection

摘要: 实时荧光定量PCR是在传统PCR技术基础上发展而来的一种通过收集荧光信号来进一步检测目的基因扩增数量的定量PCR技术，较传统PCR技术有着灵敏度高，特异性高和准确度高等优点，广泛应用于病毒的快速分型，相似病毒的鉴别诊断等。同时随着微流控技术的逐渐发展，数字PCR技术以其绝对定量及更高的灵敏度准确度等优势，在病毒DNA定量检测、基因突变检测等领域得到广泛应用。本文将对两种PCR技术的原理、分类、各自在病毒检测领域中的前沿应用及优势对比进行了详细综述。

Abstract: Real-time fluorescence PCR is a quantitative PCR technique developed on the basis of traditional PCR technology, which collects fluorescent signals to further detect the number of target genes am-plified. It has the advantages of high sensitivity, high specificity and high accuracy compared to tra-ditional PCR techniques, and is widely used for rapid typing of viruses and differential diagnosis of similar viruses. Meanwhile, with the gradual development of microfluidic technology, digital PCR techniques have been widely used in the fields of viral DNA quantification and gene mutation de-tection with its advantages of absolute quantification and higher sensitivity and accuracy. In this paper, a detailed review of the principles and classification of the two PCR techniques, their respec-tive cutting-edge applications in the field of virus detection and comparison of their advantages are presented.