虚假诉讼罪研究：以“虚假诉讼行为”为视角

Research on the Crime of False Litigation: From the Perspective of “False Litigation Behavior”

摘要: 随着中国经济的飞速发展，以及法治建设的持续改进，人们对于法律的认知日趋深入，诉讼已成为解决纠纷的有效途径。然而，许多非法分子却滥用这一机制，利用虚假的诉讼谋取不正当利益。“虚假诉讼行为”是一种违反规定并且侵害他人合法权益的行为，它涉及到捏造事实和证据，企图谋取非法财物，损害公众的信任，破坏司法秩序，并且可能导致严重的后果。在司法实践中具有多种虚假诉讼行为，主要以单方欺诈、恶意串通、隐瞒真相这几种形式存在。行为人在进行虚假诉讼行为时通常会以其他不法手段作为辅助，如为了获得相关利益甚至会对被害人的人身造成威胁，从而触犯其他犯罪。“虚假诉讼行为”在统一的法律体系下，司法实践中认定虚假诉讼行为的标准不统一，对罪数和犯罪状态界限模糊，导致虚假诉讼罪在司法适用中遭到困境，从不同路径出发解决适用中的困境。

Abstract: With the rapid development of China’s economy and the continuous improvement of the rule of law construction, people’s understanding of the law is becoming increasingly profound, and litigation has become an effective way to resolve disputes. However, many illegal elements abuse this mechanism and use false lawsuits to seek illegitimate benefits. False litigation behavior is an act that violates the provisions of infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of others. It involves fabricating facts and evidence, attempting to obtain illegal property, damaging public trust, disrupting judicial order, and may lead to serious consequences. In judicial practice, there are various forms of false litigation, mainly including unilateral fraud, malicious collusion, and concealment of the truth. When engaging in false litigation, the perpetrator usually uses other illegal means as assistance, such as posing a threat to the victim’s personal well-being in order to obtain relevant benefits, thereby violating other crimes. Under a unified legal system, the standards for identifying false litigation behavior in judicial practice are not unified, and the boundaries between the number of crimes and the criminal status are blurred, leading to difficulties in the judicial application of false litigation crime, solving the dilemma of application from different paths.