网络犯罪涉外刑事管辖权的冲突与应对

Conflicts and Countermeasures of Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction of Cybercrime

摘要: 网络空间突破了物理空间的地域限制，传统的域内和域外刑事管辖权规则都不能直接适用于网络空间犯罪。此外，由于各国网络规制法律差异很大，如何行使网络空间刑事管辖权也没有统一的国际法规则，各国管辖权很容易产生冲突。无论如何，国家主权是现代国际法的基石，即使在网络空间，属地管辖仍应是一国行使刑事管辖权的基础和前提。所谓的国际礼让原则很难在实践中真正解决管辖权冲突问题，我国应以属地管辖原则为逻辑出发点，同时坚持合理联系原则，一方面维护本国正当合理的管辖权，另一方面尊重国际法对域外管辖的限制因素，既不过度扩张管辖权，又不过分限缩管辖权。

Abstract: Cyberspace has transcended the territorial limitations of physical space, rendering traditional rules of criminal jurisdiction, both domestic and extraterritorial, inapplicable to cybercrime. Moreover, due to significant variations in national regulations concerning cyberspace, there is no unified international legal framework governing the exercise of criminal jurisdiction in this domain, resulting in potential conflicts among nations. Nevertheless, national sovereignty remains the cornerstone of modern international law, even within the realm of cyberspace, where territorial jurisdiction should still serve as the foundation and prerequisite for the exercise of criminal jurisdiction by a nation. The socalled principle of comity in international law proves challenging in effectively resolving jurisdictional conflicts. The logical starting point should be the principle of territorial jurisdiction while adhering to the principle of reasonable nexus. On one hand, we should up-hold our own legitimate and reasonable jurisdiction, and on the other hand, we should respect the limiting factors imposed by international law on extraterritorial jurisdiction, neither excessively expanding nor unduly restricting our jurisdictional authority.