截贿行为的刑法定性分析

Qualitative Analysis of Criminal Law on Interception of Bribes

摘要: 行贿受贿行为中，通常不是由行贿人和受贿人直接转交财物，而是存在中间人的介入。因第三人的存在，常常会出现截留行贿款的情形。行受贿本身是违法行为，贿款在法律中属于“不法原因给付”。截留不法原因给付的行为是否可以被认定为犯罪在理论上存在不同的观点。首先对截贿行为的具体内涵进行分析，将它与骗贿行为相区别。其次，分别探讨中外理论上现存的三种观点，选择其中的“二分说”对这类行为做出类型化分析。因中间人的身份不同，将其分为行贿人的委托人和受贿人的委托人。再对具体的行为方法进行认定，确定是不构成犯罪，还是应当认定为诈骗罪或是侵占罪。

Abstract: In bribery, it is usually not directly transferred to the property by briber and bribery, but through the intervention of intermediaries. Due to the presence of a third party, it is common to withhold bribery payments. Bribery itself is an illegal act, and bribery payments are classified as “the illegal reason paying” in law. There are different theoretical views on whether the act of withholding the illegal reason paying can be recognized as a crime. Firstly, it analyzes the specific connotation of bribery interception and distinguishes it from fraudulent bribery. Secondly, the paper discusses the three theoretical viewpoints in China and abroad respectively, and chooses one of them to make a type analysis of this kind of behavior. Because of the different identities of intermediaries, they can be divided into the briber’s client and the bribery’s client. Then the specific behavior method is identified to determine whether it does not constitute a crime, or should be identified as fraud or encroachment.