四川省老年人心理健康素养的现状及影响因素调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Mental Health Literacy of the Elderly in Sichuan Province

摘要: 目的：了解四川省老年人群心理健康素养现状与影响因素，为发展适合我国国情的国民心理健康素养提升策略和促进积极老龄化提供参考。方法：以四川省60岁以上老年人为调查群体，采用基本背景信息问卷、国民心理健康素养问卷，共发放1032份问卷进行调查。结果：1) 四川省老年人心理健康素养水平得分偏低为(26.91 ± 9.81)；2) 老年人心理健康素养得分在受教育程度、居住地和对专业心理健康服务的熟悉程度等因素上存在显著差异(P < 0.05)；3) 多元分层回归分析结果显示，受教育程度、城市等级、对专业心理健康服务的熟悉程度等变量能够对对老年人心理健康素养水平产生影响，可解释老年人心理健康素养水平11.40%的变异量。结论：1) 四川省老年人心理健康素养水平整体较低；2) 不同群体的老年人心理健康素养水平存在差异，且居住地为农村、五线城市、无配偶、受教育程度低、健康状况较差是影响老年人心理健康素养的重要因素。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the current situation and influencing factors of mental health literacy among the elderly population in Sichuan Province, and to provide references for developing national mental health literacy improvement strategies suitable for China’s national conditions and promoting active aging. Methods: Using the basic background information questionnaire and the national mental health literacy questionnaire, a total of 1032 questionnaires were distributed to survey the elderly population over 60 years old in Sichuan Province. Results: 1) The mental health literacy level score of older adults in Sichuan Province was low at (26.91 ± 9.81); 2) the mental health literacy scores of older adults differed significantly (P < 0.05) in the factors of education level, residence and familiarity with professional mental health services; 3) the results of the multiple stratified regression analysis showed that the variables of education level, city class, and familiarity with professional mental health services could have an impact on the mental health literacy level of the elderly, and could explain 11.40% of the variance in the mental health literacy level of the elderly. Conclusions: 1) The overall mental health literacy level of elderly people in Sichuan Province is low; 2) there are differences in the mental health literacy levels of different groups of elderly people, and living in rural areas, fifth-tier cities, no spouse, low education level and poor health status are important factors affecting the mental health literacy of elderly people.