被保险人施救费用探究——基于《保险法》第五十七条

Exploration of Insured’ Salvage Expenses—Based on Article 57 of the Insurance Law

摘要: 本文从中国人保与锦桥运输公司财产保险合同纠纷案中法院关于“必要的、合理的费用”的认定出发，对《保险法》第五十七条的被保险人施救费用的性质和适用进行探究。施救费用为被保险人履行施救义务的结果，因此本文基于被保险人义务，通过对其基本概念、法律性质、法理依据的分析以论述施救义务及其费用存在的必要性与合理性。而对于履行义务所产生的施救费用，不论是在学界还是司法实践中都对其适用险种、适用范围和补偿额度尚未形成统一观点与认定方法，文章试图探寻相关法院判决中的司法倾向性，从三个方面分别提出对于我国被保险人施救费用制度的适用思考和立法完善建议。

Abstract: This paper explores the nature and application of insured parties’ salvage expenses under Article 57 of the Insurance Law, starting from the court’s determination of “necessary and reasonable expenses” in the dispute between China People’s Insurance and Jinqiao Transport Company over a property insurance contract. Salvage expenses are the result of insured parties fulfilling their salvage obligations. Therefore, this paper, based on the insured party’s obligation, discusses the necessity and reasonableness of the salvage obligation and its associated expenses through an analysis of its basic concepts, legal nature, and legal basis. As for the salvage expenses incurred in fulfilling this obligation, there is still no unified consensus or definitive method for determining the applicable insurance types, scope, and compensation amounts, both in academic circles and judicial practice. This paper attempts to explore the judicial tendencies found in relevant court judgments and proposes three aspects for consideration and legislative improvement of the salvage expense system for insured parties in China.