商标指示性使用研究

The Study on the Indicative Use of Trademarks

摘要: 商标指示性合理使用制度最早发源于美国的司法实践，被一些国家和地区所认可。在我国，尽管法律条文中没有明确规定和指示性使用有关的内容，但各地法院在审理相关案件时已经采纳了这一法律概念。由于商标指示性使用在我国理论研究相对薄弱，不管是理论界还是实务界，对指示性使用的概念、内涵、判断标准等问题存在分歧。关于指示性使用判断标准的主要争论焦点在于混淆可能性要件的存在必要性，国内外的司法裁判和学术理论对此意见不统一。从商标的本质功能出发，混淆可能性是指示性使用判断标准中不可或缺的一个要件。结合指示性使用在现实不同情况下的变化和定性，更能确定混淆可能性的存在必要性。

Abstract: The system of indicative fair use of trademarks originated from judicial practice in the United States and has been recognized by some countries and regions. In China, although there is no clear provision or indicative use in legal provisions, courts in various regions have already adopted this legal concept when trying relevant cases. Due to the relatively weak theoretical research on trademark indicative use in China, there are differences in the concept, connotation, and judgment standards of indicative use in both theoretical and practical fields. The main focus of debate regarding the use of indicative judgment criteria is the necessity of confusing the elements of possibility, and there is a disagreement between domestic and foreign judicial judgments and academic theories on this issue. Starting from the essential function of a trademark, the possibility of confusion is an indispensable element in the indicative use judgment standard. The combination of indicative use and qualitative analysis in different real-life situations can better determine the necessity of the possibility of confusion.