海平面上升对国际海洋法制度的挑战及应对

Challenges and Responses of Sea-Level Rise to the International Law of the Sea System

摘要: 海平面上升给海洋法制度与沿海国的海洋权利都带来了诸多影响，然而，由于《联合国海洋法公约》在制定时并未将海平面上升的影响考虑在内，也未对此作出相应规定，因此如何应对海平面上升是国际海洋法领域需要面对的新挑战。制度层面上，对现有的领海基线进行固定或对现有的海洋权利外部界限进行固定是目前可能的两种路径；在国家实践的层面上，一些国家通过人工添附及永久确定基线的方式应对海平面上升带来的挑战。

Abstract: Sea-level rise has many implications for the law of the sea regime and the rights and interests of coastal states, but since the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was not formulated to take into account the impact of sea-level rise or to make corresponding provisions, how to respond to sea-level rise is a new challenge in the field of international law of the sea. At the institutional level, the fixing of current baselines and the fixing of the outer limits of existing maritime rights are two possible paths, while at the level of state practice, some states have responded to the challenges posed by sea-level rise by means of artificial accretion and the permanent fixing of baselines.