城市老人社区居家养老意愿的关键影响因素：基于解释结构模型的分析

Key Influencing Factors of Home Care Willingness of Urban Elderly Communities: Analysis Based on Interpretive Structural Models

摘要: 目的：基于解释结构模型ISM，探讨影响城市老年人社区居家养老服务的因素，构建社区居家养老服务意愿的关键影响因素ISM，并深入分析思考关键影响因素的层序关系及特征。方法：通过文献整理，进行社会网络分析，借助ucinet6绘制社区居家养老意愿相关文献的关键词网络分析图，结合文献分析法和网络分析图确定影响因素，之后构建ISM模型，探讨分析影响因素的层序关系及特征。结果：社区居家养老服务意愿选择的影响因素可从表象层、中间层、决定层三个层级，根据最终层级分析图，生活照料需求是影响城市老年人选择社区居家养老服务的决定因素，可支配月收入、身体健康状况、养老保险购买情况是影响城市老年人选择社区居家养老服务的中间层因素，文化程度、子女代际支持、家庭关系等因素是影响城市老年人选择社区居家养老服务的表象层因素。

Abstract: Objective: Based on the interpretive structural model (ISM), this study explores the factors that affect the willingness of community home-based elderly care services for urban elderly people, constructs a key influencing factor ISM for community home-based elderly care services, and deeply analyzes and considers the sequence relationships and characteristics of key influencing factors. Method: Through literature review and social network analysis, a keyword network analysis chart of community home care willingness related literature was drawn using UCINET6. The influencing factors were determined by combining literature analysis and network analysis. Then, an ISM model was constructed to explore and analyze the sequence relationships and characteristics of the influencing factors. Result: The influencing factors for the willingness to choose community home-based elderly care services can be divided into three levels: superficial, intermediate, and decisive. According to the final hierarchical analysis chart, the demand for daily care is the determining factor for urban elderly people to choose community home-based elderly care services, while disposable monthly income, physical health status, and pension insurance purchase are the intermediate factors that affect urban elderly people to choose community home-based elderly care services. Education level, intergenerational support for children, family relationships, and other factors are the surface layer factors that affect the choice of community home-based elderly care services by urban elderly people.