基于儿童认知特点的生态环境科普活动实施路径研究

Research on the Implementation Method of Ecological Environment Science Popularization Activities Based on Children’s Cognitive Characteristics

摘要: 生态环境科普活动的主要服务人群是学龄期儿童及亲子家庭，常在自然资源丰富的户外场地开展。但由于活动场地条件、活动主持人综合素质及活动流程设计等方面的问题，导致参与活动的儿童在生态环境科普活动中接受知识的效率较低，不足以达到使儿童了解自然并自发探索自然的目的。为了更好地实施自然教育，生态环境科普活动需要适宜的场地环境、引导人员和活动流程，并在场地规划设计和教育引导上都依据儿童的认知特点：使儿童能通过无意注意对生态环境知识产生兴趣，后由兴趣维持其有意注意，最终利用设施和活动流程引导儿童强化生态环境知识的记忆。丰富的生态环境知识可以帮助儿童建立更完善的知识体系，为其学习自然、探索自然、热爱自然、保护自然打下基础。

Abstract: The main target audiences of ecological science popularization activities are school-age children and parent-child family. It always carries out in places where natural resources are abundant. Because of the conditions of the venues and activity flows, children who participate in those activities cannot learn enough knowledge, so that cannot get interested in nature. In order to better implement nature education, ecological science popularization activities need suitable site conditions, educators and activity process, simultaneously designing activity venues and implementing educational guidance based on children’s cognitive characteristics, so that children can get interested in the ecological knowledge through unconscious attention; then the interest can maintain their achievement motivation, and last it can guide children to strengthen their memory of ecological environment knowledge through facilities and activity processes. Rich knowledge can help children establish a more comprehensive knowledge system, to lay the foundation for them to learn, explore, love, and protect nature.