视觉搜索中对显著分心物的注意抑制：主动抑制还是反应抑制？

Attentional Suppression of Salient Distractors in Visual Search: Proactive or Reactive?

摘要: 注意如何抑制视野中的显著分心物主要有两种观点：主动抑制和反应抑制。注意抑制过程不仅受到自下而上物理显著性的影响，同时受到自上而下认知控制的调节。本文从自下而上和自上而下的角度论述影响注意抑制的因素。其可能是通过影响分心物显著性表征强度来影响注意抑制过程。未来研究可能需要明确刺激物理显著性的界定与测量，并利用ERP技术，通过刺激材料、搜索集大小、搜索策略等方式操纵分心物在视觉搜索中的相对显著性表征，以考察高显著性分心物能否被主动抑制。

Abstract: There are two controversial propositions regarding how salient distractors are suppressed in visual search: proactive and reactive suppression. Actually, attentional suppression is modulated not only by bottom-up physical saliency of distractor but also by top-down cognitive control. However, whether top-down cognitive control can reduce or even eliminate the characteristic gain brought about by the bottom-up physical saliency of the distractor itself still needs further research and demonstration. We discussed two views of suppression and thoroughly expound on the factors af-fecting attentional inhibition from the perspective of bottom-up and top-down, respectively. It may affect the attentional inhibition process by influencing the intensity of distractor significance char-acterization. Future research may require a clear definition and measurement of the physical sig-nificance of stimuli, and the use of ERP technology to manipulate the relative significance repre-sentation of distractors in visual search through stimulus materials, search set size, search strate-gies, and other methods, in order to examine whether highly significant distractors can be proac-tively suppressed.