类器官装置设计理论及其应用前景

Design Theory and Application Prospects of Organoid Systems

摘要: 类器官装置(Organoid)是一种体外培养的细胞聚集体，可以模拟特定器官的结构和功能。与传统的细胞培养模型相比，类器官装置更为复杂和接近真实生物体，它由来自特定器官的多种类型的细胞组成，并通过合适的支架材料和生长因子提供支持和刺激。作为一种新兴的研究工具，类器官装置在疾病模型研究、药物研发和个性化医学领域具有重要的意义和潜力。随着技术的不断进步和应用的扩大，相信类器官装置将在医学研究和临床实践中发挥越来越重要的作用，为疾病治疗和药物开发带来新的突破。目前，国内外的类器官装置研究取得了显著进展，并涉及多个器官系统。主要的关键技术有自组装、微流控技术和三维打印技术；材料有生物降解支架和仿生材料；使用方法包括细胞分化、多细胞类型组装和功能刺激等。文章主要通过说明类器官装置设计原理，多腔室类器官装置建模以及类器官装置在各个领域的应用，进而总结类器官装置的应用前景和未来可能遇到的挑战，并对未来的发展方向做一个展望。

Abstract: Organoids are three-dimensional cellular aggregates cultured in vitro that replicate the structure and function of specific organs. In comparison to conventional cell culture models, organoids exhibit greater complexity and physiological fidelity, comprising diverse cell types derived from target organs and supported by suitable scaffold materials and growth factors. As a burgeoning research tool, organoids hold notable significance and potential across disease modeling, drug discovery, and personalized medicine domains. With advancing technology and expanded applications, organoids are expected to assume an increasingly vital role in medical investigation and clinical practice, driving advancements in disease therapeutics and pharmaceutical development. Significantly, both domestic and international research efforts have achieved remarkable progress in organoid studies, spanning multiple organ systems. Key method-ologies entail self-assembly, microfluidics, and 3D printing, while materials range from biodegradable scaffolds to biomimetic components. Techniques encompass cell differentiation, multicellular integration, and functional stimulation. The article primarily elucidates the design principles of organoid systems, the modeling of multi-chamber organoid devices, and the applications of organoid systems in various fields. It subsequently summarizes the application prospects of organoid systems, potential challenges they may encounter, and provides an outlook on future development directions.