局麻药佐剂在区域麻醉中的应用进展
Application Progress of Local Anesthesia Adjuvants in Regional Anesthesia
DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2023.1392082, PDF,  被引量   
作者: 马世豪：青海大学临床医学院，青海 西宁；阿良德：青海大学附属医院，青海 西宁
关键词: 局麻药佐剂；区域麻醉；Local Anesthetic Adjuvant； Regional Anesthesia
摘要: 区域麻醉可以提供更安全的围术期体验，减少阿片类药物的使用，减轻疼痛，同时将副作用降至最低。在超声的引导下麻醉医生可将局麻药物精确地注射至目标周围神经的位置。由于局部麻醉药的不同，镇痛时间颇有差异，除药物选择可延长镇痛的方法有几种，如导管持续技术、酯类局麻药和佐剂等，由于导管持续技术有许多局限性和问题，酯类局麻药缺乏批准或可用性，延长术后镇痛持续时间的最佳措施是使用佐剂。在鞘内和硬膜外麻醉中添加佐剂是公认的，用来延长局部麻醉作用并增强周围神经阻滞的效果。这些佐剂有许多种类如阿片类药物、α2⁃肾上腺素受体激动剂和类固醇类药物等，这些佐剂用于提高麻醉和止痛的质量。这篇文章描述了各种佐剂在区域麻醉中的应用进展。
Abstract: Regional anesthesia can provide a safer perioperative experience, reduce the use of opioids, reduce pain, and minimize side effects. Under the guidance of ultrasound, the anesthesiologist can accu-rately inject the local anesthetic into the position of the target’s peripheral nerve. Due to the differ-ence of local anesthetics, the analgesic time is quite different. There are several methods to prolong the analgesia, such as catheter persistence technique, ester local anesthetics and adjuvants, etc. Due to the lack of approval or availability of ester local anesthetics, the best way to prolong the du-ration of postoperative analgesia is to use adjuvants. The addition of adjuvant to intrathecal and epidural anesthesia is recognized to prolong the effect of local anesthesia and enhance the effect of peripheral nerve block. There are many kinds of adjuvants, such as opioids, α-2 agonists and ster-oids, which are used to improve the quality of anesthesia and pain relief. This article describes the progress in the application of various adjuvants in regional anesthesia.
文章引用：马世豪, 阿良德. 局麻药佐剂在区域麻醉中的应用进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(9): 14881-14889. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.1392082

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