贵阳龙洞堡机场地形改变对气象要素的影响分析

Analysis of the Impact of Landform Changes on Meteorological Elements at Guiyang Longdongbao Airport

摘要: 西南地区地形地貌条件对当地气象特征的影响尤为突出，致使机场扩建项目中气象要素对地形变化的响应规律不容小觑，故依托贵阳龙洞堡机场三期扩建工程，将2017年对应的地形要素视为原地形与现地形条件的时空分割节点，然以2013~2022年时限内自动、人工所测得关键气象要素及重要天气记录为数据支撑，后以两类数据对比分析为研究手段，研讨该机场气象要素、重要天气对地形改变的响应特性。结果表明：1) 重要天气对比发现，除雾类外，其余类别呈多发频发趋势；2) 能见度出现次数对比发现，现地形条件下低能见度次数显著减少；3) 现地形条件下整点数据VRB和静风次数均较前者显著减少，减幅6.63%，而风向占比中北风显著增加，增幅7.04%，且东南风减少，西南风增加；4) 地形改变后，月最低气温提前了一个月，出现在本年的12月，而月最高气温集中出现在夏季6、7、8月，除9月外，原地形下各月份温差较大。因此，可以说明由机场扩建所致地形改变对气象要素影响较大，该差异性对气象要素预报具有一定指导意义，且对后期同类型地区机场扩建项目具有一定参考价值。

Abstract: The influence of landform and geomorphological conditions in Southwest China on local mete-orological characteristics is particularly prominent, which makes the response law of meteoro-logical elements to landform changes in airport expansion projects not to be underestimated. Therefore, based on the third phase expansion project of Guiyang Longdongbao Airport, the corresponding landform elements in 2017 are regarded as the space-time segmentation nodes of original landform and current landform conditions. However, the key meteorological elements and important weather records measured automatically and manually within the time limit from 2013 to 2022 are used as data support, and then the comparative analysis of two types of data is used as the research method to study the response characteristics of meteoro-logical elements and important weather of the airport to landform changes. The results show that: 1) The comparison of important weather shows that except for fog, the other show a trend of frequent occurrence; 2) By comparing the number of visibility occurrences, it is found that the number of low visibility occurrences under the current landform conditions is significantly reduced; 3) Under the current landform conditions, the VRB and the number of calm winds were significantly reduced compared with the former, with a decrease of 6.63%, while the proportion of wind direction in the north wind increased significantly, with an increase of 7.04%, and the southeast wind decreased and the southwest wind increased; 4) After the change of landform, the monthly minimum temperature is one month ahead of time, which appears in December of this year, while the monthly maximum temperature is concentrated in June, July and August of summer. Except for September, the temperature difference of each month under the original landform is larger. Therefore, it can be explained that landform changes caused by airport ex-pansion have a significant impact on meteorological elements. This difference has certain guid-ing significance for meteorological element forecasting and has certain reference value for airport expansion projects in similar regions in the future.