父母教养方式、非理性信念、生活应激与中学生焦虑、抑郁症状水平之间的相关性

Correlations between Parenting Styles, Irrational Beliefs, Stress, and Levels of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Secondary School Students

摘要: 背景：父母教养方式、非理性信念、生活应激在认知理论和治疗中起着核心作用，并与各种疾病有关，如焦虑与抑郁症。目的：探讨中学生父母教养方式、非理性信念与生活应激对焦虑、抑郁症状的影响。方法：采用简式父母教养方式问卷中文版(S-EMBU-C)、中学生非理性信念量表(MIBS)、中学生心理应激源量表(SSMSS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)等自评量表对623名中学生进行问卷调查，采用直线相关、线性模型进行数据分析。结果：青少年抑郁与焦虑的检出率分别为54.74%、31.94%。女生抑郁、焦虑症状检出率均高于男生(P值均<0.01)；抑郁、焦虑症状检出率随年龄的增长而增多(P < 0.01)。初中生的父母亲更倾向于采取情感温暖的教养方式，其次是过度保护，最不常采用拒绝的教养方式；初中生的非理性信念量表得分从高到低排列，依次是欲求绝对性、感知歪曲性、思维消极性、应付非理性；初中生的心理应急源量表得分从高到低排列，依次是学习压力、家庭压力、同学压力、教师压力、父母管教、自身压力和社会压力。焦虑与抑郁症状均与人口学资料中的性别、年龄、是否独生子女以及非理性信念的4个维度之间呈正相关(P < 0.001)；父母教养方式中父母双方的情感温暖呈负相关(P < 0.001)，其余维度均呈正相关(P < 0.001)；心理源量表中的7个维度中，除了抑郁在社会压力维度外，其余均呈正相关(P < 0.001)。非理性信念、父母教养方式、心理源与抑郁、焦虑症状密切相关。性别、非理性信念中的欲求绝对性与思维消极化、父母教养方式中的父母的情感温暖与过度保护以及母亲的拒绝维度、初中生心理源中的学习压力、同学压力和自身压力等变量能；年龄、非理性信念中的欲求绝对性与感知歪曲性及应会非理性、父母教养方式中的母亲拒绝维度、初中生心理源中的家庭压力、父母管教、同学压力和自身压力等变量能预测63.0%的焦虑症状。结论：父母教养方式、非理性信念、生活应激能够预测青少年焦虑、抑郁症状的发生和变化。

Abstract: Background: Parenting styles, irrational beliefs, and life stress play a central role in cognitive theo-ry and treatment and are associated with various disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Objec-tive: To explore the effects of parenting styles, irrational beliefs and life stress on anxiety and de-pressive symptoms in secondary school students. Methods: Self-assessment scales such as the Sim-plified Parenting Style Questionnaire in Chinese (S-EMBU-C), the Irrational Beliefs Scale for Second-ary School Students (MIBS), the Psychological Stressors Scale for Secondary School Students (SSMSS), the Depression Self-Rating Scale (SDS) and the Self-Assessment Scale for Anxiety (SAS) were used to survey 623 secondary school students, and linear correlation and linear models were used for data analysis. Results: The detection rates of depression and anxiety in adolescents were 54.74% and 31.94%, respectively. The detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were higher among female students than male students (all P values < 0.01); the detection rates of de-pression and anxiety symptoms increased with age (P < 0.01). Parents of junior high school stu-dents were more inclined to adopt emotional warm parenting, followed by overprotective parent-ing, and least often rejected parenting; junior high school students’ scores on the Irrational Beliefs Scale were ranked from highest to lowest, in order of desire absoluteness, perceived distortion, thinking negativity, and coping irrationality; junior high school students’ scores on the Psychologi-cal Contingency Sources Scale were ranked from highest to lowest, in order of academic pressure, family pressure, peer pressure, Teacher pressure, parental discipline, self- pressure, and social pressure. Both anxiety and depressive symptoms were positively correlated with the four dimen-sions of demographic information: gender, age, whether or not the child was an only child, and irra-tional beliefs (P < 0.001); parenting style was negatively correlated with emotional warmth of both parents (P < 0.001), while all other dimensions were positively correlated (P < 0.001); among the seven dimensions of the psychological source scale, all were positively correlated except depression in the social stress dimension (P < 0.001); and among the seven dimensions of the psychological source scale, all were positively correlated except depression in the social stress dimension (P < 0.001). All the dimensions were positively correlated (P < 0.001). Irrational beliefs, parenting style, and psychological sources were strongly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Gender, desire absoluteness and thinking negativity in irrational beliefs, parental warmth and overprotec-tion in parenting style and mother’s rejection dimension, and academic stress, peer pressure, and self-stress in psychological sources of junior high school students were positively associated with depression and anxiety symptoms; age, desire absoluteness and perceived distortion in irrational beliefs and response irrationality, mother’s rejection dimension in parenting style, and psychologi-cal sources of junior high school students were positively associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Family stress, parental discipline, peer pressure, and self-stress variables predicted 63.0% of anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Parenting style, irrational beliefs, and life stress can pre-dict the occurrence and change of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents.