正念对青少年睡眠的影响：一项以性别为中介的研究

The Effects of Mindfulness on Adolescent Sleep: A Sex-Mediated Study

摘要: 目的：为了探索正念对青少年睡眠的影响，了解性别对青少年睡眠的中介作用。方法：采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)对深圳市22所高中共发放问卷8831份并回收7948份问卷调查，探究中国高中生睡眠状况，高中生正念与睡眠质量的关系，以及性别的调节作用。对收集好的调查数据进行了回归分析和中介效应分析。结果：1) 女高中生的睡眠质量要比男高中生的睡眠质量差，男高中生入睡困难的比例是41.1%，女高中生入睡困难的比例是58.9%，男高中生夜间易醒或早醒的比例是41.7%，女高中生夜间易醒或早醒的比例是58.3%；2) 男高中生的正念水平 (mean = 22.51, sd = 7.48)显著高于女性的正念水平(mean = 21.09, sd = 7.17) (F = 74.52, P < 0.01)。女性的正念水平(mean = 7.10, sd = 3.54) 显著高于男高中生的睡眠障碍评分(mean = 6.43, sd = 3.53) (F = 7.10, P < 0.01)；3) 正念能逆向预测睡眠障碍(β = −0.19, P < 0.01)；性别能正向预测睡眠障碍(β = 0.87, P < 0.01)；正念与性别的交互项能负向预测睡眠障碍(β= −0.02, P < 0.01)，可认为性别存在调节效应，即女性高中生更容易受到正念的影响，并从中获益，改善睡眠质量。结论：高中生正念水平与睡眠障碍相关，性别在其中起调节作用。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate how mindfulness affects adolescent sleep and comprehend how gender mediates this effect. Methods: A total of 8831 questionnaires were distributed and 7948 question-naires were collected from 22 high schools in Shenzhen using Pittsburgh Sleep Investigating the sleep habits of Chinese high school students and the connection between mindfulness and sleep quality using the Quality Index, and the moderating effect of gender. Regression analysis and medi-ation effect analysis were carried out on the collected survey data. Results: 1) Female high school students slept less soundly than male high school students did. 41.1% of male high school students had difficulty falling asleep, 58.9% of female high school students had difficulty falling asleep, 41.7% of male high school students had trouble waking up early at night, and 58.3% of female high school students had trouble waking up early at night; 2) The level of mindfulness of male high school students (mean = 22.51, sd = 7.48) was significantly higher than that of female high school students (mean = 21.09, sd = 7.17) (F = 74.52, P < 0.01). The level of mindfulness in female high school students (mean = 7.10, sd = 3.54) was significantly higher than that in male high school stu-dents (mean = 6.43, sd = 3.53) (F = 7.10, P < 0.01); 3) Mindfulness could reverse predict sleep dis-order (β= −0.19, P < 0.01); Sex positively predicted sleep disorder (β = 0.87, P < 0.01). The interac-tion term of mindfulness and gender can negatively predict sleep disorders (β = −0.02, P < 0.01), and it can be considered that gender has a regulatory effect, that is, female high school students are more susceptible to the influence of mindfulness, and benefit from it to improve sleep quality. Con-clusion: Gender plays a controlling role in the relationship between sleep disorder and the degree of mindfulness among high school students.