贵州省天柱县近35a暴雨特征分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Heavy Rain in the Last 35 Years in Tianzhu County, Gui-zhou Province

摘要: 本文利用天柱国家基本气象站1988~2022年近35a监测的降雨量气象资料和16个乡镇2013~2022年近10a降雨量资料进行暴雨分型和时空特征变化研究。结果表明天柱县暴雨产生的类型主要为冷锋低槽型和低涡切变型，影响系统主要有切变线、西南涡、准静止锋、西太平洋副热带高压；从时间上分析得出暴雨主要集中期发生在5~8月份，占全年比例80.3%，以下旬出现概率居多。暴雨日数以夏季占比最大，为64.0%；春季次之21.3%；冬季最少，仅为1.6%。从空间分析得出天柱县暴雨多呈现“东多西少和南多北少”分布特征。研究成果对防范及减少暴雨灾害损失具有重要的意义，也为防灾减灾工作提供一定的参考。

Abstract: In this paper, we use the weather meteorological data of Tianzhu National Basic Weather Station from 1988 to 2022 for nearly 35 years and the rainfall data of 16 towns and villages from 2013 to 2022 for nearly 10 years for a study on typology and temporal and spatial characteristics of heavy rain. The results show: The types of heavy rain in Tianzhu County are mainly cold front low troughs and low vortex shears, which mainly affect shear systems, southwest vortices, quasi-stationary fronts, western Pacific subtropical high. The heavy rain in Tianzhu County is mainly concentrated from May to August, accounting for 80.3% of the whole year. The last ten days are the most likely. The percentage of heavy rain days was the highest in summer (64.0%), followed by spring (21.3%) and winter (1.6%). From the spatial analysis, it can be concluded that the heavy rain in Tianzhu County is more distributed in the east than in the west and less in the north than in the south. The research results are of great significance to the prevention and reduction of storm disaster losses, and also provide some references for disaster prevention and reduction.