几种植物病原真菌在蜂蜜及蜜蜂体表中的存活与凋亡

Survival and Apoptosis of Several Plant Pathogenic Fungi on Honey and the Body Surface of Bees

摘要: 目的：蜜蜂采蜜过程中可能会在食物及体表沾染上植物病原真菌，本实验主要探讨蜜蜂采蜜过程中接触到的病原真菌能否在蜂蜜及蜜蜂体表中存活，评价病原菌通过采蜜行为进行传播的风险。方法：选取9种不同植物病害的病原真菌，将病原真菌接种于蜂蜜培养基上培养，记录病原真菌的生长情况及存活时间。并将病原真菌接种于蜜蜂花粉足后接种于PDA培养基培养，记录病原真菌在蜜蜂体表的存活情况及存活时间。结果：9种菌种在蜂蜜培养基内均无法生长，菌丝枯萎死亡。9种试验病原真菌在蜜蜂花粉足中也无法存在，病原真菌在蜂蜜中存活时间因种属差异而不同，在蜜蜂体表能存活3~7天。结论：病原真菌无法在纯蜂蜜基质中进行繁殖，但可在蜂蜜内及蜜蜂体表上存活一定的时间，有可能通过蜜蜂的食物传递过程或传粉、采蜜行为进行传播。

Abstract: Objectives: Bees may be infected with plant pathogenic fungi during the honey picking process. This experiment mainly explores whether the pathogenic fungi that bees come into contact with during the honey picking process can survive in the honey and bee body surface, and assesses the risk of pathogen transmission through honey-gathering behavior. Method: Nine different plant pathogenic fungi were selected and inoculated on honey agar medium for cultivation. The growth and survival time of the pathogenic fungi were recorded. The pathogenic fungi were also inoculated on honey bee pollen and cultivated on PDA medium, recording the viability and survival time of pathogenic fungi on the surface of honey bees. Results: None of the nine fungal species were able to grow on the honey agar medium, and the fungal mycelium withered and died. The nine tested pathogenic fungi were not present on the honey bee pollen, and the survival time in honey varied due to species dif-ferences, while they could survive on the surface of honey bees for 3 to 7 days. Conclusion: Pathogenic fungi cannot reproduce in pure honey substrate, but they can survive for a certain period of time in honey and on the body surface of honey bees. It is possible for them to be transmitted through the honey bee’s food transfer process or through pollination and honey-gathering behavior.