CISG货物相符与进口国公法标准的关系

The Relationship between the Conformity of Goods in CISG and the Public Law Standards of Importing Countries

摘要: 在适用CISG的国际货物买卖案件中，经常涉及货物是否应符合进口国的公法标准这一问题。解决这一问题时，不应引入一般性的规则，而应以个案的具体事实为基础，根据CISG第8条解释当事人意图，判断当事人是否存在遵守某一公法标准的默示约定，并根据CISG第35条判断货物的特定目的或通常使用目的是否受到影响。通常使用目的包括常规用途和转售，是否受影响取决于消费者和政府对货物是否信任。由于买卖双方的势力范围不同，原则上卖方没有义务遵守进口国的公法标准。例外情况是卖方的势力范围覆盖了进口国的公法标准，例如，卖方明知或应当知道该标准的存在。随着国际贸易的发展，部分卖方的势力范围相应扩大，默示解释的要求可以放宽，当卖方对交易情况非常熟悉时，只要卖方知道货物销售地或转售地，货物就应符合进口国的公法标准。

Abstract: In international sale of goods cases where CISG is applied, the question of whether the goods should comply with the public law standards of the importing country is often involved. Instead of adopting a general rule, this issue should be resolved on the basis of the specific facts of each case, interpreting the intention of the parties in accordance with article 8 of the CISG, determining whether there is an implied consent of the parties to comply with a certain public law standard, and determining whether the particular purpose or ordinary use of the goods is affected in accordance with article 35 of the CISG. Whether the ordinary purpose of use, which includes regular use and resale, is affected and depends on whether consumers and the government have confidence in the goods. Due to the different spheres of influence of the seller and the buyer, the seller is in principle not obliged to comply with the public law standards of the importing country. The exception is where the seller’s sphere of influence covers the public law standard of the importing country, e.g., where the seller knew or should have known of the existence of the standard. With the development of international trade, the sphere of influence of some sellers has expanded accordingly, and the requirement of implied interpretation could be relaxed, when the seller is well acquainted with the circumstances of the transaction, as long as the seller knows the place where the goods are to be sold or resold, the goods should comply with the public law standards of the importing country.