网约配送员职业伤害的法律保护

Legal Protection for Occupational Injuries of Takeaway Delivery Personnel

摘要: 近年来，网约配送员人数大幅攀升。与此同时，受多种因素影响，网约配送员面临着比传统行业的劳动者更高的职业风险，如何为网约配送员提供职业伤害保障成为亟待解决的社会问题和法律问题。考虑到平台用工模式的复杂性和外卖行业的特殊性，对网约配送员与平台的法律关系、网约配送员的职业伤害保护现状进行了分析和梳理，并从传统保护模式、法律规定、职业伤害保障试点实践三个角度阐述了网约配送员发生职业伤害后难以获得有效保护的原因。在明确外卖平台企业用工关系的基本性质仍为劳动关系的基础上，提议为网约配送员提供工伤保险，并从法律保护模式的调整、保障制度的构建、劳动者权益的司法保护、平台用工的规范监管四个方面提供完善建议。

Abstract: In recent years, the number of takeaway delivery personnel has climbed significantly. At the same time, affected by a variety of factors, takeaway delivery personnel face higher occupational risks than workers in traditional industries. Thus, how to provide occupational injury protection for takeaway delivery personnel has become an urgent social and legal problem to be solved. Considering the complexity of platform employment and the particularity of the takeaway industry, it is necessary to sort out the legal relationship between platform and takeaway delivery personnel, and analyze the situation of occupational injury protection of takeaway delivery personnel. Additionally, the reasons why it is difficult for takeaway delivery personnel to obtain effective protection after occupational injury are elaborated from three perspectives of traditional protective mode, legal provisions and local experience of occupational accident protection. On the basis of clarifying that the basic nature of the employment relationship of takeaway platform enterprises is still labor relations, it is proposed to provide work-related injury insurance for takeaway delivery personnel. Next, improvement suggestions will be provided from the adjustment of legal protective model, the construction of protection system, the judicial protection of laborer’ rights and interests, and the supervision of platform employment.