基于转换–生成语法理论人称代词的研究——以英语和法语中的人称代词为例

Study on Personal Pronouns Based on Transformation-Generative Grammar Theory—A Case Study of Personal Pronouns in English and French

摘要: 人称代词在英语和在法语中都频繁出现，因此对这两种语言进行对比研究有助于二语习得。本文运用乔姆斯基(Chomsky)的转换–生成语法理论，以“管辖与约束理论”为基础，分析了英语和法语中的人称代词在句子中的选择问题和位置特点，研究发现：1) 英语和法语中的主语人称代词在句子中所处的位置一致且功能相同，通常都位于句首并在句中充当主语。2) 在宾语人称代词方面，两种语言都在句中作宾语，但在位置上和用法上存在一些差异：a. 英语中的直接宾语人称代词通常紧随动词，而法语中则倾向于前置于动词，除非有半助动词，这时会置于相关动词前；b. 英语中的间接宾语人称代词可以从介词后面移至谓词后面并省略介词，而法语中的间接宾语人称代词则可以前置于谓词前并省略介词。

Abstract: Personal pronouns occur frequently in both English and French, and thus a comparative study of the two languages is helpful for second language acquisition. This paper applies Chomsky’s trans-formation-generative grammar theory to analyze the selection of personal pronouns in English and French and the characteristics of their positions based on the theory of jurisdiction and constraint. Study reveals that 1) the subject personal pronouns in English and French are located in the same position and have the same function in the sentences. They are generally located at the beginning of the sentence and used as the subject in the sentence. 2) In terms of the object personal pronouns, both of them are used as objects in the sentences, but there are some differences in their position and usage, namely, a. Generally, the direct object personal pronouns in English closely follow the verb, while those in French generally choose to be placed before the verb. However, when there are semi-auxiliary verbs in the sentence, they are usually placed before the related verb; b. The indirect object personal pronouns in English can be shifted from the back of the predicate to the back of the predicate and related prepositions can be omitted, while the indirect object personal pronouns in French can be preceded before the predicate and the related prepositions can be omitted.