髌下脂肪垫与膝关节骨性关节炎的关系

The Relationship between the Infrapatellar Fat Pad and Knee Osteoarthritis

摘要: 膝关节骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis, KOA)是严重影响中老年人独立生活能力、生活质量以及致残的主要疾病之一，膝骨关节炎是一种累及全膝关节的复杂的炎症性退行性关节疾病，典型的病理特征为软骨局灶变性损伤、滑膜内膜炎症、边缘骨赘增生、骨膨大和软骨下骨肥厚反应，会引起膝关节酸痛、肿胀、僵硬，伴有日常活动受限，晚期情况下还会出现内外翻、挛缩畸形，最终导致残疾。髌下脂肪垫位于膝关节囊内、化膜外，内含丰富的血管及神经组织，还可分泌炎症因子，与膝关节骨性关节炎的发生、发展有着紧密的联系，故而，解释了髌下脂肪垫的损伤会引起膝关节的明显疼痛。现今，临床医生对半月板及韧带损伤引起的膝关节疼痛较为重视，常常会忽略对髌下脂肪的损伤的诊断。本文旨在对髌下脂肪垫与膝关节骨性关节炎的关系进行阐述，以期对临床治疗膝关节骨性关节炎提供一定的参考意义。

Abstract: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the major diseases that seriously affect the ability to live inde-pendently, quality of life, and disability in middle-aged and elderly people. Knee osteoarthritis is a complex inflammatory degenerative joint disease that involves the whole knee joint, and the typical pathological features are focal degenerative damage to the cartilage, synovial endothelial inflam-mation, marginal osteophyte hyperplasia, bone enlargement and subchondral bone hypertrophic reaction, which can cause knee joint pain, swelling, stiffness, accompanied by limitation of daily ac-tivities, and in advanced cases, internal and external rotation, contracture deformity, and ultimate-ly lead to disability. The infrapatellar fat pad is located inside the knee joint capsule and outside the chemosis, which contains rich blood vessels and nerve tissue, and also secretes inflammatory fac-tors, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis of the knee joint, thus, explaining that damage to the infrapatellar fat pad can cause significant pain in the knee joint. Nowadays, clinicians pay more attention to knee pain caused by meniscus and ligament injuries, and often neglect the diagnosis of infrapatellar fat injury. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the relationship between infrapatellar fat pad and knee osteoarthritis, with a view to providing some reference significance for clinical treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.