光伏结构风载特性分析与最大功率跟踪优化研究

Research on Wind Load Characteristics of Photovoltaic Structures and Optimization of Maximum Power Tracking

摘要: 加大太阳能的开发利用，减少能源领域碳排放，是实现“碳中和”的有效路径。然而太阳能面临着太阳能利用率低，受极端天气破坏等现实问题。因此为了提高太阳能的利用率，基于双轴追日原理，提出了兼顾抗风能力的光伏发电智能追日系统。本文结合流固耦合理论，对其关键部位进行受力分析，构建了兼顾发电量和抗风破坏的优化模型，通过调节电池板的姿态参数，达成卸载风载和发电量最大化间的折衷，减少风力等对电池板的破坏，有效延长机构的寿命。结果表明对比，相关方案通过开发视日姿态调整装置，面初始倾角为45˚放置时较为合理，且跟踪变化的最佳倾角基本集中于初始位置放置时的[0˚, 20˚]之间，所设计的智能追日系统达到发电量最大功率的目的，本研究结论为光伏结构的小型化、自动化发展提供了思路，为光伏功率最大化提供了理论依据。

Abstract: To increase the development and utilization of solar energy and reduce carbon emissions, the en-ergy sector is the effective path to realize “carbon neutral”. However, solar energy faces practical problems such as low solar energy utilization rate and extreme weather damage. Therefore, to im-prove the utilization rate of solar energy, based on the principle of dual-axis sun tracking, an intel-ligent sun tracking system for photovoltaic power generation with wind resistance is proposed. In this paper, based on the fluid-structure coupling theory, the stress analysis of the key parts was carried out, and an optimization model was constructed that took into account both energy genera-tion and wind damage resistance. By adjusting the attitude parameters of the panels, a compromise was reached between the unloading of wind load and the maximization of energy generation, which reduced the damage of wind on the panels and effectively extended the life of the mechanism. Re-sults show that contrast, relevant solutions by developing view, attitude adjustment device, the surface of the initial Angle of 45˚ placed reasonably, and the best inclination angle for tracking changes is concentrated between 0˚ and 20˚ when the initial position is placed. The designed intel-ligent sun-tracking system achieves the purpose of maximum power generation, this research con-clusion for the miniaturization, and automation development of photovoltaic structure provides a train of thought and a theoretical basis for photovoltaic power maximization.