建构游戏中幼儿的合作行为观察研究——以泉州市丰泽区F幼儿园为例

An Observational Study of Young Children’s Cooperative Behavior in Constructive Games—Taking Kindergarten F in Fengze District, Quanzhou City as an Example

摘要: 幼儿期是终身社会性发展的关键阶段。而合作行为在促进幼儿社会性发展过程中起着举足轻重的地位。泉州市F园(分园)中幼儿的合作行为多为自发性协同，合作意识不强，多以平行游戏为主。从园内观察可发现幼儿合作行为不强的原因有教师要求与幼儿发展能力不一致，要求不够具体，活动区材料关联性弱，家长对幼儿的溺爱等。幼儿园促进幼儿合作行为，需促进家园共育，去幼儿“自我中心化”；加强各区域活动的关联性和材料的多样性；教师要设定建构主题，适时介入引导；同幼儿分享合作经验，欣赏幼儿合作成果。

Abstract: Early childhood is a key stage in lifelong social development. Cooperative behavior plays a pivotal role in promoting the social development of young children. The cooperative behavior of young children in Quanzhou F Garden (Branch Garden) is mostly spontaneous and cooperative, and the sense of cooperation is not strong, with parallel games as the main focus. Observations in the kin-dergarten revealed that the reasons for the children’s weak cooperative behavior include the in-consistency between the teachers’ requirements and the children’s developmental abilities, the lack of specific requirements, the weak relevance of the materials in the activity area, and the parents’ indulgence of the children. In order to promote children’s cooperative behavior in kindergar-tens, it is necessary to promote home and family co-education, remove children’s “egocentricity”; strengthen the relevance of the activities in each area and the diversity of materials; teachers should set up a theme for construction and intervene to guide them in a timely manner; and share the experience of cooperation with the children and appreciate the results of children’s cooperation.