家兔后肢少阴经五输穴定位、穴区解剖的形态学研究

The Localization of Five-Shu Points Regions of Foot-Shaoyin and the Morphological Study of the Dissection of the Acupuncture Area of the Rabbit’s Hind-Limbs

摘要: 目的：探讨家兔后肢少阴经五输穴定位及穴区形态结构。方法：以比较解剖学为基础，结合人体腧穴定位国家标准，定位针刺家兔后肢少阴经五腧穴，行穴区结构CT三维重建，行层次解剖及断面解剖，观测针灸针与周围组织结构的关系。结果：“涌泉”位于第2、3跖骨间，跖趾关节与足跟连线前1/3与后2/3交点处，与掌总动脉、掌总静脉、掌内侧神经相毗邻；“然谷”位于后肢内踝前下方，距骨与跖骨连结凹陷处，与掌内侧动脉、掌内侧静脉、掌内侧神经相毗邻；“太溪”位于后肢内踝高点与跟腱连线中点处，与隐动脉、隐静脉、掌内侧神经相毗邻；“复溜”位于后肢内侧，内踝尖上约2 cm处，跟腱前缘，与胫后动脉、胫后静脉、胫神经相毗邻；“阴谷”位于膝关节呈90˚，后肢内侧，膝关节与半腱肌间凹陷处，与隐动脉、隐静脉、坐骨神经相毗邻。结论：家兔后肢少阴经五输穴与隐动脉及分支、隐静脉及属支、隐神经、坐骨神经、胫神经及分支有密切联系，可为家兔后肢少阴经五输穴穴区形态学研究提供依据。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the location and morphological structure of the cave area of “Yongquan” (KI 1), “Rangu” (KI 2), “Taixi” (KI 3), “Fuliu” (KI 7), “Yingu” (KI 10) regions in the hind-limbs of rab-bits. Methods: Comparative anatomy and National Standards based on human acupuncture points. The five-shu points of Foot-shaoyin meridian were marked in the rabbit’s hind-limb, followed by CT scan and vascular perfusion. Stratified dissection and sectional dissection of acupuncture sites to observe and measure the relationship between acupuncture needles and surrounding tissue structures. Results: “Yongquan” (KI 1) was located between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsals, at the in-tersection of the anterior and posterior 2/3 of the metatarsophalangeal joint with the hind-limb. It is adjacent to the common palmar artery, the common palmar vein and the medial palmar nerve. “Rangu” (KI 2) was located in the anterior lower part of the medial malleolus of the hind-limb, in the depression where the talus is connected to the metatarsal bone. It is adjacent to the medial palmar artery, the medial palmar vein and the medial palmar nerve. “Taixi” (KI 3) was located in the mid-point of the high point of the medial malleolus of the hind-limb and the line connecting the Achilles tendon. It is adjacent to the saphenous artery, saphenous vein, and lateral palmar nerve. “Fuliu” (KI 7) was located on the medial side of the hind legs, about 2 cm above the tip of the medial malleolus, at the anterior edge of the Achilles tendon. It is adjacent to the posterior tibial artery, the posterior tibial vein and the tibial nerve. “Yingu” (KI 10) was located 90˚ in the knee joint, on the inside of the hind legs, in the depression between the knee joint and the semi-tendon muscle. It is adjacent to the saphen artery, the saphenous vein and the sciatic nerve. Conclusion: The five-shu points of the Foot-shaoyin meridian of the hind-limbs are closely related to the saphenous artery and branches, the saphenous vein and the genus branches, the saphenous nerve, the sciatic nerve, the tibial nerve and the branches, which form a basis for the morphological study of the five infusion points of the hind limbs of rabbits.