miR-106a在消化道恶性肿瘤的研究进展

Research Progress of miR-106a in Digestive Tract Malignant Tumors

摘要: 消化道肿瘤早期症状不明显，且大多症状都缺乏特异性。如胃癌早期仅有上腹部饱胀不适，结直肠癌早期仅有排便习惯改变等不易引起重视的症状，缺乏特异性，待患者出现明显症状就诊时，已发生深部浸润或远处转移。因此，尽管近几年诊疗水平在不断提高，但消化道肿瘤早期检出率仍偏低，在我国就诊时已处于晚期的肿瘤患者比例仍偏高。因此目前迫切需要高敏感性的筛查手段。微小RNA (miRNA)是小分子内源性非编码RNA，大量研究表明miRNA参与消化系统肿瘤、发生发展的多种信号通路的表达并且与肿瘤耐药密切相关，因此深入研究miRNA在消化系统肿瘤中的作用，可以进一步发现其在肿瘤的诊断、治疗和预后中的作用，为提高早期消化道肿瘤筛查率、降低消化道肿瘤的发病率和病死率提供新的思路。本文就miR-106a与消化道肿瘤的诊断、转移、耐药方面进行综述。

Abstract: The early symptoms of digestive tract tumors are not obvious, and most of the symptoms are lack of specificity. For example, in the early stage of gastric cancer, only the upper abdomen is full and un-comfortable, and in the early stage of colorectal cancer, only the symptoms such as the change of defecation habits are not easy to pay attention to, and there is no specificity. When the patient has obvious symptoms, deep infiltration or distant metastasis has occurred. Therefore, despite the con-tinuous improvement in the level of diagnosis and treatment in recent years, the early detection rate of digestive tract tumors is still low, and the proportion of patients with advanced tumors in China is still on the high side. Therefore, there is an urgent need for highly sensitive screening methods. Micro-RNA (miRNA) is a small endogenous non-coding RNA. A large number of studies have shown that miRNA is involved in the expression of multiple signal pathways in the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors and is closely related to tumor drug resistance. Therefore, in-depth study of the role of miRNA in digestive system tumors can further find its role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of tumors. It provides a new idea to improve the screening rate of early digestive tract tumors and reduce the incidence and mortality of digestive tract tu-mors. This article reviews the role of miR-106a in the diagnosis, metastasis and drug resistance of digestive tract tumors.