应用语言学方向中国作者和英语本族语作者期刊文章中引用形式对比研究

A Comparative Study of Citation Forms in the Journal Articles of Chinese Authors and Native English Authors in Applied Linguistics

摘要: 引用在英语学术写作中至关重要，但是对英语作为外语或者第二语言的写作者来说恰当使用引用是具有挑战性的。本研究以20篇中国作者期刊文章和20篇英语本族语作者期刊文章作为语料，借助UAM Corpus Tool标注引用形式，最后，计算对数似然值(Log-likelihood)对比两者引用形式的差异。研究结果如下：1) 中国作者的引用显著多于英语本族语作者。与英语本族语作者相比，中国作者倾向于使用更多的融入式引用和非融入式引用。2) 就引用的来源数量偏好而言，中国作者和本族语作者均偏向于使用单引用。从语言背景来看，中国作者使用更多的单引用和多引用。3) 从转述动词的指称意义来看，中国作者和本族语作者均偏向于使用研究动词和话语动词，研究类转述动词在语料库中有明显的偏好。但是，与英语本族语作者相比，中国作者使用话语动词的比例较高，使用研究动词的比例较低。从转述动词的评价意义来看，中国作者和本族语作者偏向使用积极动词和中立动词，与英语本族语作者相比，中国作者在对被引内容表达立场时仍倾向于中立态度。这些发现对学术英语写作和教学具有一定的启示。本研究为学术英语写作中引用的教学提供更为系统的参考，同时，也可帮助中国写作者适应学术传统、逐步提升学术写作引用能力。

Abstract: Citations are essential in English academic writing, but it is challenging for writers of English as a foreign or second language to use them appropriately. In the current study, 20 journal articles by Chinese authors and 20 journal articles by native English authors were collected as corpus date, and then UAM Corpus Tool was used to mark citation forms, and finally, Log-likelihood was calculated to compare the difference in citation forms between Chinese authors and native English authors. The results of the present study are as follows: 1) The citations of Chinese authors are significantly more than those of native English authors. Compared with native English authors, Chinese authors tend to use more integral and non-integral citations. 2) In terms of the number of sources, Chinese authors and native language authors are more inclined to use single citations than multiple citations, and from the cross-linguistic perspective, Chinese authors use more single citations and multiple cita-tions. 3) From the perspective of the denotation meaning of reporting verbs, both Chinese authors and native language authors are more inclined to use research verbs and discourse verbs, and re-search verbs have obvious preferences in both corpora. However, compared with native English authors, Chinese authors use a higher proportion of discourse verbs and a lower proportion of re-search verbs. From the evaluation meaning of reporting verbs, Chinese authors and native English authors tend to use positive verbs and neutral verbs. Compared with English native authors, Chi-nese authors tend to express a neutral position on the cited content. The implications of these find-ings for academic English writing and teaching would be discussed. This study provides a more sys-tematic reference for the teaching and learning of citation in academic English writing, which can help Chinese writers adapt to academic traditions, use citations reasonably, and gradually improve their citation ability in academic writing.