材料学习型试题特征分析及教学建议——以北京市高中学业水平等级性考试生物试题为例

Analysis of the Characteristics of Material-Based Learning Tasks and Teaching Suggestions—Taking the Biology Test Questions of Beijing High School Academic Level Examination as an Example

摘要: 材料学习型试题是新高考后出现在北京等级考中的一类试题，该类试题呈现出情境创设的完整性、文本材料突出科学性、试题信息关注可学习性和测评内容体现高阶性等特征。材料学习型试题命制依据情境学习理论和概念转变理论，为教育教学改革发展提供新的思路，科学教育中亟需培养学生的科学学习能力。在实践教学中教师可从以下3个方面促进学生学习能力的提升，在科学概念学习中让学生理解概念的建构过程、科学学习能力的提升应遵循学生认知发展规律、利用科学阅读有效提升学生的科学学习能力。

Abstract: Material-based learning tasks are a type of test, appearing in exams such as the Beijing High School Academic Level Examination. Its main features include presenting scenarios with an emphasis on completeness, highlighting scientificity in textual materials, focusing on the process of information acquisition as a means of learning, and reflecting higher-order thinking in assessment content. The development of material-based learning tasks is based on the theories of situational learning and conceptual transformation, providing new ideas for educational reform and development. It is crucial to cultivate students’ scientific learning abilities in science education. In practical teaching, teachers can promote the improvement of students’ learning abilities from three aspects: Facilitating students’ understanding of the construction process of concepts in science concept learning, following the laws of students’ cognitive development in enhancing scientific learning abilities, and utilizing scientific reading as an effective way to enhance students’ scientific learning abilities.