发挥儿童在儿童保护领域中的主体性——基于合供理论视角

Giving Play to Children’s Subjectivity in the Field of Child Protection—Based on the Perspective of the Theory of Coproduction

摘要: 我国虐童事件屡发不止，而虐童事件作为公共危机的一种特殊形式，亟需从事前预防切入治理。但是，虐童行为受我国文化背景的影响颇深，需要引入新的理论来进行审视，根治糟粕文化的荼毒。加之目前我国儿童保护领域的研究往往忽视儿童的主体性，忽视儿童自身学习能力和自我保护能力，因此，为提升儿童在虐童事件中的主体性，从儿童出发预防虐童行为，本文选取注重主体自我供给的合供理论为理论基础，通过文献研究法，选取英国、美国、日本三国的儿童保护政策与法律，总结归纳此三国的儿童保护工作经验，着重关注儿童主体力量的培养与发挥部分，提取可为我国借鉴的儿童保护措施。最后为我国完善儿童保护机制提出以儿童自立为导向、建设儿童自我保护教育体系、建设专业化保护团队、设计并普及儿童自我保护教育、建立儿童互助小组、提供儿童政策参与渠道等建议。

Abstract: There are frequent incidents of child abuse in China, as a special form of public crisis, child abuse is in urgent need of prevention and treatment. However, child abuse in China is greatly affected by society and culture, which needs to be examined from a new theoretical perspective to root out the poison of dross culture. In addition, at present, the research in the field of child protection in China often ignores the subjectivity of children and ignores children’s learning ability and self-protection capacity. Therefore, in order to enhance children’s subjectivity in child abuse incidents and prevent child abuse from the perspective of children, this paper chooses the theory of coproduction that focuses on the self-supply of the subject as the theoretical basis. Through the literature research method, the child protection policies and laws of the United Kingdom, the United States and Japan are selected, the experience of child protection in these three countries is summarized, mainly focusing on the child protection measures about cultivation and exertion of children’s main strength that can be extracted for reference in China. Finally, for China to improve the child protection mechanism, this paper puts forward some suggestions, such as taking children’s self-reliance as the guiding spirit, setting up a children’s self-protection education system, building a professional protection team, designing and popularizing children’s self-protection education, establishing child mutual aid groups, and providing channels for children’s policy participation.