关于数字技术的三重审视——基于马克思历史唯物主义科学观

A Threefold Look at Digital Technology—Based on Marx’s Scientific View of Historical Materialism

摘要: 马克思历史唯物主义科学观认为，一切科学的基础是人的对象性–活动及其成果，自然科学通过工业和商业进入人的生活，但科学在资本主义生产中呈现一种与活劳动相分离、与自然相对立的异化关系，并在这种联袂和相互关系中矛盾运动。随着现存世界进入数字时代，必须重读马克思关于科学技术的相关论述，从数字技术与人的对象性–活动、数字技术与当代异化以及数字技术与人的复归三个角度来审视数字技术。主要包括：数字技术的逻辑起点是人的感性对象性–活动，数字技术是现实的直接的生产力；数字技术异化的根源是资本与技术的合谋，从而遮蔽人的感性世界；数字技术对丰富人的本质、实现人的自由而全面发展、创造人类文明新形态具有重要意义。

Abstract: Marx’s historical materialistic scientific view holds that the foundation of all sciences is the objective-human activity and its outcomes. Natural sciences have entered human life through industry and commerce. However, within capitalist production, science exhibits an alienated relationship that is separated from living labor and opposed to nature, creating contradictory movements within this intertwined and interconnected relationship. As the existing world enters the digital age, it is essential to revisit Marx’s relevant discourse on science and technology and examine digital technology from three perspectives: the relationship between digital technology and the objective-human activity, the alienation caused by digital technology in contemporary society, and the potential for digital technology to restore human essence. This primarily encompasses recognizing that the logical starting point of digital technology is the sensory-objective activity of humans and that it serves as a direct productive force in reality. Understanding the root of the alienation of digital technology lies in the collaboration between capital and technology, which obfuscates the sensory world of humans. Lastly, acknowledging the significance of digital technology in enriching human essence, realizing comprehensive and liberated development, and creating new forms of human civilization.