浅析海德格尔与维特根斯坦的语言哲学比较

A Comparison between Heidegger and Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Language

摘要: 作为二十世纪的最伟大的哲学家，现当代西方哲学欧陆传统和英美传统，海德格尔是前者现象学解释学的重要代表人物，维特根斯坦是后者分析哲学语言哲学的重要代表人物。他们二位在学理层面上的共同点是克服形而上学，其方法上的各有不同，维特根斯坦是语法分析，海德格尔是语言建构存在论基础。本文分别从海德格尔海德格尔对语言与存在关系的初期思考与维特根斯坦的主体“界限”分析展开海德格尔与维特根斯坦语言哲学之异同的比较研究。

Abstract: As the greatest philosopher in the 20th century, Heidegger is an important representative of the phenomenological hermeneutics of modern and contemporary Western philosophy in both continental tradition and Anglo-American tradition, while Wittgenstein is an important representative of the analytic philosophy of language. The common point of the two of them on the academic level is to overcome metaphysics, but their methods are different. Wittgenstein employed grammatical analysis, while Heidegger based his philosophy on the construction of language and existentialism. This paper makes a comparative study of the differences and similarities between Heidegger and Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language respectively from Heidegger’s initial thinking on the relationship between language and existence and Wittgenstein’s analysis of the “boundary” of the subject.