LncRNA在部分肿瘤中的差异表达及与mRNA结合作用关系的研究现状

Research Status of LncRNA Differential Expression and mRNA Binding in Some Tumors

摘要: 肿瘤是机体细胞在各种促进、抑制及其他各种因素的直接或间接的作用下形成的异于正常组织的增生与分化的新生物，在病因及其他致病因素被消除后其生长、侵袭等过程不会停滞，人类在健康的问题上对于恶性肿瘤对其产生的不利影响已变得日益明显，是迄今为止人类死亡的主要原因之一，其生长、侵袭等过程在正常机体中不受调节，且会破坏机体正常的细胞，进而影响相应的组织和器官。目前肿瘤的诊断方法有很多，但大多恶性肿瘤的发现较晚且有部分肿瘤标志物敏感性较低，以往曾长期将肿瘤的病理学诊断作为肿瘤的最终诊断，但近来随着分子生物学和精准医学的发展，肿瘤在分子诊断方面已经越来越受到重视，且可能会逐渐成为肿瘤的新的诊断标准。目前已有大量研究表明，长链非编码RNA (LncRNA)在结直肠癌、肝癌、胃癌等多种恶性肿瘤中有均显著差异的表达，且与mRNA结合作用后对肿瘤的生长、增殖、侵袭、迁移等过程起调节作用。此外，LncRNA与其他肿瘤检测方法相结合可提高其诊断率。该文总结了LncRNA在部分肿瘤中的差异表达及与mRNA结合对其产生的相应调节，并展望其在临床应用中的前景。

Abstract: Tumor is a new organism that is different from the proliferation and differentiation of normal tissue formed by the body cells under the direct or indirect action of various promoting, inhibiting and other factors. Its growth and invasion processes will not stop after the elimination of the etiology and other pathogenic factors. The adverse effects of human health on malignant tumors have be-come increasingly obvious. It is one of the main causes of human death so far, its growth, invasion and other processes are not regulated in the normal body, and will destroy the normal cells of the body, and then affect the corresponding tissues and organs. At present, there are many diagnostic methods for tumor, but most malignant tumors are found late and some tumor markers have low sensitivity. In the past, pathological diagnosis of tumor was used as the final diagnosis of tumor for a long time, but recently, with the development of molecular biology and precision medicine, molec-ular diagnosis of tumor has been paid more and more attention, and may gradually become a new diagnostic standard for tumor. At present, a large number of studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) has significantly different expression in colorectal cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer and other malignant tumors, and plays a regulatory role in tumor growth, prolifer-ation, invasion, migration and other processes after binding with mRNA. In addition, LncRNA com-bined with other tumor detection methods can improve its diagnosis rate. This review summarizes the differential expression of LncRNA in some tumors and the corresponding regulation of LncRNA production by binding with mRNA, and looks forward to the prospect of its clinical application.