初中数学试题难度模型构建与分析

Construction and Analysis of the Difficulty Model for Middle School Mathematics Exams

摘要: 在鲍建生五因素难度模型的基础上，定义难度因素水平并改进了数学试题难度模型。选取宁波市部分中考题为例，编制试题难度影响因素调查问卷，再采用探索性因子分析、多元线性回归等统计方法分析调查数据，得出试题难度的8个核心影响因素，结合概念性要素、程序性要素、情境性及层次性要素3个维度，构建初中数学试题难度线性模型，并对模型的有效性进行了验证。

Abstract: On the basis of Bao Jiansheng’s five factor difficulty model, the difficulty factor level was defined and the mathematical test paper difficulty model was improved. Taking some high school entrance examination questions in Ningbo City as examples, a survey questionnaire on factors affecting difficulty in test papers was developed. Exploratory factor analysis, multiple linear regression, and other statistical methods were used to analyze the survey data, and eight core influencing factors of test paper difficulty were identified. Combining three dimensions, which are conceptual elements, procedural elements, situational elements, and hierarchical elements, a linear model of difficulty in middle school mathematics test papers was constructed, and the effectiveness of the model was verified.