秦岭地区常见蜱虫携带病原体流行病学特征分析

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Pathogens Carried by Ticks in Qinling Area

摘要: 目的：了解秦岭地区蜱虫种类及分布情况，为蜱虫及蜱媒传染病的防治提供依据。方法：采用动物体表逆毛捡拾法对2019年陕西省秦岭地区开展蜱类调查，通过形态学观察以及PCR检测明确秦岭地区蜱虫分布及携带病原体情况。结果：秦岭地区的蜱类采集活动中，共获得蜱虫267只，经鉴定均为长角血蜱。之后对其中采集的163只蜱针对6种病原体进行PCR检测。在秦岭地区的蜱类中，长角血蜱的立克次体感染率为18.4%，噬吞噬细胞无形体感染率为61.35%，巴贝西原虫感染率为0.61%，巴尔通体感染率为2.45%，新型布尼亚病毒感染率为3.07%，而莱姆螺旋体未检出。秦岭三个地区蜱虫携带病原体的阳性率均有差异(P < 0.05)。并且携带病原体中存在四种混合感染类型，分别为立克次体与无形体混合感染、立克次体与巴尔通体混合感染、无形体与新型布尼亚病毒混合感染、无形体与巴贝西原虫混合感染。结论：长角血蜱为试验采集蜱虫中的优势蜱种；进行病原体检测发现噬吞噬细胞无形体具有较高感染率，不同地区蜱虫携带病原体分布有差异，并且存在病原体混合感染的情况，提示在蜱虫比较活跃地区及季节应该增强防范措施，避免叮咬感染。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate and analyze the diversity of the tick species in Qinling area. Methods: This study mainly collates and summarizes the data in 2019. Ticks were collected from the animal body surface by hand searching. Through the morphological observation and PCR detection, we identified the ticks and pathogens in Qingling area. Results: The results showed that total of 267 ticks were collected, all of which were identified as Haemaphysalis longicornata. After the test of 163 ticks col-lected for 6 kinds of pathogens detected by PCR, the Rickettsia rickettsii infection rate was 18.4%, the Anaplasma phagocytophilum was 61.35%, the Babesia was 0.61%, the Bartonella was 2.45%, the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was 3.07%, but lyme spirochete was not detected. There were differences in the positive rates of ticks carrying pathogens in three areas of Qinling Mountains (P < 0.05). And there are four types of mixed infection among the pathogens, namely Rickettsia rickettsii and Anaplasma phagocytophilum co-infection, Rickettsia rickettsii and Bartonella co-infection, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus co-infection, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Bartonella co-infection. Conclusion: Haemaphysalis longicornata was the dominant tick species collected in this study, pathogen detec-tion found that phagocyte Anaplasma has a high infection rate. The distribution of pathogens car-ried by ticks in different regions is different and there is co-infection of pathogens. Preventive measures should be intensified in areas and seasons where ticks are more active to prevent people from being infected.