大学生人际关系与社交能力的关系：积极心理资本和社会性的作用

The Relationship between Interpersonal Relationship and Social Ability of College Students: The Role of Positive Psychological Capital and Sociality

摘要: 为了探讨大学生人际关系、积极心理资本、社会性与社交能力间的关系及内在作用机制，本研究构建了一个有调节的中介模型，重点考察了积极心理资本在大学生社会性和社交能力之间的中介作用和社会性的调节作用。使用人际关系综合诊断量表、积极心理资本问卷、大学生社会性发展水平评定量表和青年学生社交能力评定问卷对济南的633名大学生(M = 20.10岁，SD = 1.65)进行调查。结果显示：1) 人际关系对大学生社交能力倾向具有显著的正向预测作用；2) 积极心理资本在大学生人际关系与社交能力之间起中介作用；3) 大学生人际关系通过积极心理资本对社交能力所起的间接效应受到大学生社会性发展水平的调节作用，即相较于社会性发展水平较低的大学生而言，人际关系与社交能力之间的直接效应与间接效应都更加显著。研究结果有助于揭示大学生人际关系如何与社交能力相联系，以及大学生人际关系与社交能力的关系在何种条件下更强或更弱。这一结果为促进大学生社交能力发展提供了新的发展路径与参考意见，为缓解大学生社交焦虑提供了心理干预指导。

Abstract: In order to explore the relationship and internal mechanism between interpersonal relationship, positive psychological capital, sociality and social ability of college students, this study constructs a mediation model with regulation, focusing on the mediation and regulation of positive psychological capital between sociality and social ability of college students. 633 college students (M = 20.10 years old, SD = 1.65) in Jinan were investigated by using the Interpersonal Relationship Comprehensive Diagnostic Scale, Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire, College Students’ Social Development Level Rating Scale and Young Students’ Social Ability Rating Scale. The results show that: 1) Interpersonal relationship has a significant positive predictive effect on college students’ social ability tendency; 2) Positive psychological capital plays an intermediary role between interpersonal relationship and social ability of college students; 3) The indirect effect of interpersonal relationship on social ability of college students through positive psychological capital is regulated by the level of social development of college students, that is, the direct and indirect effects between interpersonal relationship and social ability are more significant than those of college students with lower social development level. The results are helpful to reveal how college students’ interpersonal relationship is related to their social ability, and under what conditions the relationship between interpersonal relationship and social ability is stronger or weaker. This result provides a new development path and reference for promoting the development of college students’ social ability, and provides psychological intervention guidance for relieving college students’ social anxiety.