湛江硇洲岛潮间带大型底栖生物的群落结构分析

Community Analysis of Intertidal Benthic Macrofauna in Naozhou Island, Zhanjiang

摘要: 本研究于2011年6月至2012年3月对湛江硇洲岛潮间带大型底栖生物进行采样调查分析。结果表明，硇洲岛潮间带大型底栖生物共有406种，其中节肢动物门、软体动物门、环节动物门和大型海藻共占总种类数的88.7%，共同构成了潮间带大型底栖生物的主要类群。5个断面栖息密度呈现出夏季大于其他季节的趋势，生物量呈现出春季大于其他季节的趋势，季节差异显著。本次调查共出现11种优势种，绝大多数为软体动物和节肢动物，其中粒结节滨螺在四个季节都为优势种。硇洲岛潮间带大型底栖生物群落的丰富度指数为18.04，均匀度指数为0.56，Shannon-Wiener指数为3.05。群落种群组成丰富，均匀度中等，优势种较少，物种结构较稳定。按照相似性系数聚类和多维尺度排序(MDS)，并综合考虑优势种、主要种的数量和出现频率等因素，可将硇洲岛潮间带大型海藻底栖生物划分为廉形叶钩虾–施氏玻璃钩虾–塔结节滨螺群落和越南花群海葵–粒结节滨螺–施氏玻璃钩虾群落两个生物群落。两个群落的种类组成都很丰富，均匀度适中，优势种不明显，物种结构较稳定。

Abstract: The intertidal macrobenthos community structure and diversity in NaoZhou Island were studied in June 2011 to March 2012. The results showed that there were 406 large benthic organisms living in NaoZhou Island, arthropoda, mollusks door, annelida and large seaweed accounted for 88.7% of the total number of species, which constituted the benthic main groups. Abundance in summer was higher than in other seasons, Biomass in spring was higher than in other seasons in every section. In research to 11 kinds of dominant species, the logarithm of mollusks and arthropods, the grain of nodules periwinkle were dominant species for every season. The benthic community richness index was 18.04 and evenness index was 0.56. Shannon Wiener index was 3.05, which showed community species composition was rich, uniformity of medium, less dominant species. The community boasts a rich species composition with moderate evenness, few dominant species, and a stable species structure. Through clustering based on similarity coefficients and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), and by considering factors such as the number and occurrence frequency of dominant and major species, the intertidal benthic macroalgae fauna of Naozhou Island can be categorized into two biotic communities: the community of Jassa falcate-Hyale schmidti-Nodilittorina and the community of Zoanthus viet-namensis-Echinolittorina radiata-Hyale schmidti. Both communities exhibit a rich species composition, moderate evenness, no pronounced dominant species, and a stable species structure.