最低工资与女性劳动市场表现

Minimum Wage and Female Labor Market Performance

摘要: 本文基于2002年与2013年中国家庭调查的微观数据以及中国2004~2018年31个省市的省际面板数据，实证研究了最低工资的变化对城镇单位中女性劳动市场表现的影响。女性劳动市场表现用城镇女性劳动收入与城镇单位女性职工就业人数占比两个指标来衡量。研究结果表明：在控制相应的变量后，不管是东部还是西部，最低工资的提升都会显著提高女性的劳动收入，且这种影响会逐渐减小。在稳健性检验中，本文另外建立了双重差分模型来减小内生性的影响。从女性就业方面来看，不管是当期还是滞后期，最低工资都会对城镇女性就业占比产生显著的消极影响。分地区来看，最低工资水平上涨对我国城镇女性就业的影响有所不同。本文研究结果发现，最低工资对西部地区女性就业的负向影响最小，东部次之，中部最大，且在西部地区，最低工资水平上涨对我国城镇女性就业的影响转为正向。

Abstract: Based on the micro-data of the 2002 and 2013 Chinese household surveys and the inter-provincial panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2004 to 2018, this paper empirically studies the impact of changes in the minimum wage on the performance of the female labor market in urban units. The performance of the female labor market is measured by two indicators: urban female labor income and the proportion of female employees in urban units. The research results show that after controlling for the corresponding variables, whether it is in the east or the west, the increase in the minimum wage will significantly increase women’s labor income, and this effect will gradually decrease. In the robustness test, a difference-in-differences model is established to reduce the effect of endogeneity. From the perspective of female employment, the minimum wage will have a significant negative impact on the proportion of female employment regardless of the current period or the lag period. In terms of different regions, the increase in the minimum wage level has different effects on the employment of urban women in my country. As a result, this study finds that the minimum wage has the least negative impact on female employment in the western region, followed by the eastern region and the central region. However, in the western region, the increase in the min-imum wage level has a positive impact on the employment of urban women in my country.